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Britain 1865-1915 > Disraeli 1874-1880 > Flashcards

Disraeli 1874-1880 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Factories and Workshops Act?

A

1878

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2
Q

What did the Factories and Workshops Act mean?

A

Institutions would be under regular government inspection

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3
Q

When was the Artisans Dwellings Act?

A

1875

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4
Q

What did the Artisans Dwellings Act mean?

A

Local authorities could purchase and demolish slums to replace them with planned houses - financed by government

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5
Q

How many local authorities implemented the Artisans Dwellings Act?

A

10 of 87 (most notably Chamberlain in Birmingham)

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6
Q

When was the Public Health Act?

A

1875

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7
Q

What did the Public Health Act mean?

A

Contaminated food need be destroyed, infections noted and nuisances removed

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8
Q

When was the Sale of Food and Drugs Act?

A

1875

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9
Q

What did the Rivers Pollution Act do?

A

Made it illegal to dump waste into waterwas

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10
Q

When was the Enclosure Act?

A

1876

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11
Q

What did the Enclosure Act do?

A

Protected public right to use common land - restricted ability of landowners to take it. Saved Epping Forest.

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12
Q

Why was trade union reform introduced?

A

Opposition to Criminal Law Amendment Act

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13
Q

When was the Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act introduced?

A

1875

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14
Q

When was the Employers and Workmen Act introduced?

A

1875

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15
Q

What did the Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act do?

A

Repealed the Criminal Law Amendment Act

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16
Q

What did the Employers and Workmen Act do?

A

Made breach of a contract only punishable by civil penalties

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17
Q

When was Lord Sandon’s Education Act passed?

A

1876

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18
Q

What did Sandon’s Education Act do?

A

Made attendance compulsory, allowed committees to pay fees (permissive), children couldn’t work without education certificate

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19
Q

Why was there economic reform by Disraeli?

A

Very high debt, Regal Commission results, pressure groups (eg. Samuel Plimsoll), insurance fraud by over-loading ships

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20
Q

When did Northcote implement his reforms?

A

1874

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21
Q

What did Northcote do?

A

Reduced income tax, abolished sugar duties, extended grants for police and asylums

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22
Q

When was the Sinbig fund set up?

A

1875

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23
Q

Why was the Sinbig Fund established?

A

To reduce debt

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24
Q

When was the Friendly Societies Act introduced?

A

1875

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25
Q

What did the Friendly Societies Act do?

A

Attempted to establish registration of societies to improve stabilities

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26
Q

When was the Merchant Shipping Act?

A

1876

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27
Q

What did the Merchant Shipping Act do?

A

Introduced permissive ‘Plimsoll line’ on ships

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28
Q

When was the Unseaworthy Ships Act?

A

1875

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29
Q

When was the Agricultural Holdings Act?

A

1875

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30
Q

What did the Agricultural Holdings Act do?

A

Gave displaced tenants compensation for improvements on their land

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31
Q

When did Disraeli purchase the Khedive of Egypt’s share in the Suez Canal?

A

1875

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32
Q

What share of the Suez Canal did Britain hold post 1875?

A

44%

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33
Q

How much did Britain pay for the Suez Canal shares?

A

£4million (from a Rothschild loan)

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34
Q

What advantage did holding shares in Suez bring?

A

Cheaper imports and exports, established interest in Egypt, easier to transport military to India and the Far East

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35
Q

When was the Royal Titles Act?

A

1876

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36
Q

What did the Royal Titles Act do?

A

Made queen Victoria ‘Empress of India’

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37
Q

What did Carnavon plan to do in order to strengthen British hold in South Africa?

A

Group Cape Colony, Natal and Griqualand with Orange Free State and Transvaal

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38
Q

What did Transvaal do in 1877?

A

Agreed to group with British colonies

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39
Q

Who disobeyed orders and waged war against Zulus?

A

Frere

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40
Q

What happened at Islandhlwana?

A

Jan 1879, 1,200 British troops wiped out

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41
Q

Where did the British finally defeat the Zulus?

A

Ulundi

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42
Q

Why was the Factory Act introduced in 1874?

A

Conservative support for the Nine Hour Movement, especially in Lancashire and Yorkshire

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43
Q

What did the 1874 Factory Act mean?

A

Limited working day to 10 hours and week to 56 hours. Children u14 couldn’t work full time

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44
Q

When was the Royal Titles Act?

A

1876

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45
Q

What did the Royal Titles Act do?

A

Made Queen Victoria ‘Empress of India’ and strengthened British interest in India

46
Q

When did the Queen promote Disraeli to Lords?

A

1877 as Lord Beaconsfield, due to poor health

47
Q

What did Disraeli encourage with the Afghan Amir, Sher Ali?

A

Good relations

48
Q

When did Russia send a mission to Kabul?

A

1878

49
Q

What was Lytton ordered to do when the Russians sent a mission to Afghanistan?

A

Delay military intervention until all diplomatic routes had been tried

50
Q

What did Lytton do about the Russian mission to Kabul?

A

Chased out their troops

51
Q

When did resentment against the British in Afghanistan turn to violence?

A

11 September 1879

52
Q

When was the issue of violence in Afghanistan resolved?

A

After Disraeli left office in 1880

53
Q

When did the British annex Balochistan?

A

1876

54
Q

When did the British install a pro-British leader in Afghanistan?

A

1878

55
Q

When was Sir Louis Cavagnari killed?

A

Sept 1879

56
Q

When were the revolts in the Balkans?

A

1875, 1876 in Bulgaria

57
Q

What countries did the Balkan Revolts take place in?

A

Bosnia, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro

58
Q

What did the 1875 revolts offer?

A

Opportunity for European intervention

59
Q

When did Disraeli accept the Adrassy note?

A

1875

60
Q

What was the Adrassy note?

A

Proposals by Austro-Hungarian PM for Turkish reform in Bosnia

61
Q

Why did the Adrassy note fail?

A

Turkey failed to cooperate

62
Q

Who issued the Berlin Memorandum?

A

Dreikaiserbund

63
Q

When was the Berlin Memorandum produced?

A

13 May 1876

64
Q

When was the Berlin Memorandum signed?

A

June 1876

65
Q

Who signed the Berlin Memorandum?

A

Germany, Austria, Russia, France and Italy

66
Q

What did the Berlin Memorandum want?

A

Reform within the Turkish government

67
Q

Why did Disraeli refuse to sign the Berlin Memorandum?

A

Officially on grounds that he hadn’t been consulted in initial stages of discussion - actually because he was anxious about Russian expansion to the Mediterranean

68
Q

What did Disraeli do in response to the Berlin Memorandum?

A

Sent British navy to Dardanelle Straits

69
Q

Who sent out troops to attack Christians in Bulgaria?

A

New Turkish leader, Abdul Hamid

70
Q

What troops did the Turks send to Bulgaria?

A

Bashi Basouks

71
Q

When were the Bulgarian atrocities carried out?

A

Summer of 1876

72
Q

What did the atrocities lead to amongst the Slavs?

A

A rise of Panslav feeling

73
Q

What was the Reichstadt Agreement?

A

Meant that Russia and Austria would divide the Balkans between them

74
Q

When was the Reichstadt Agreement?

A

July 1876

75
Q

When was the Constantinople Conference?

A

December 1876

76
Q

Why was the Constantinople Conference initially successful?

A

All Great Powers attended, agreed on union of Bosnia under Turkish rule, increased Serbia and Montenegro, self rule to Bulgaria

77
Q

Why did the Constantinople Conference fail?

A

20th Jan 1977 Turkish Sultan refused the terms, Disraeli refused to put pressure on Turks

78
Q

Who did Salisbury work closely with during Constantinople Conference?

A

Count Ignatiev

79
Q

What was the result of the Turks rejecting the London Protocol (9th April 1877)?

A

Russia declared war on them

80
Q

When did Russia declare war on Turkey?

A

24th April 1877, ‘on behalf of Christians’

81
Q

When did Britain warn Russia not to send ships through the Straits?

A

6 May 1877

82
Q

When was the Treaty of San Stefano?

A

March 1878

83
Q

What did the Treaty of San Stefano propose?

A

Doubling the size of Bulgaria

84
Q

What did the Russian minister, Count Shuvalov, call the Treaty of San Stefano?

A

‘The greatest act of stupidity we could have committed’

85
Q

Who negotiated the Treaty of San Stefano for Russia?

A

Count Ignatiev

86
Q

Why did Britain oppose the Treaty of San Stefano?

A

Raised possibility of allowing Russian warships into Mediterranean, disrupted European power balance, threatened Turkish Empire

87
Q

Who resigned due to the Treaty of San Stefano?

A

Lord Derby, Salisbury the new Foreign Secretary

88
Q

When was the Treaty of Berlin?

A

Mid 1878

89
Q

What did Disraeli do before the Great Powers met in Berlin?

A

Made secret deals with Russia, Austria-Hungary and Turkey to protect British interest

90
Q

When did Russia agree that Bulgaria should be of smaller size than previously demanded?

A

30th May 1878

91
Q

When did the Turks give Cyprus to Britain?

A

4th June 1878

92
Q

When did the Austro-Hungarians accept the reduction in size of Bulgaria?

A

6th June, in return for their occupation of Bosnia

93
Q

What did Disraeli say he had achieved after the Treaty of Berlin?

A

‘peace with honour’

94
Q

Factors why Disraeli lost the 1880 election?

A

Timing, party organisation, Disraeli’s election campaign, agricultural depression, the ‘great depression’, imperial/foreign policy, taxes, no ‘sectionalism’ within liberals

95
Q

What did Disraeli do against the advice from Forwood?

A

Delayed election til 1880 instead of having it straight away after Treaty of Berlin

96
Q

Why did Disraeli delay the 1880 election?

A

Due to (misleading) favourable by-election reasults. In Liverpool, the Conservatives held a likely-Liberal seat and in Southwark, Conservatives only won due to split in Liberals (radical vs moderate)

97
Q

When was the National Liberal Federation established?

A

1877, work of Chamberlain

98
Q

By 1880 election, how many local Liberal organisation were NLF affiliates?

A

Over 100

99
Q

Who was the NLF secretary?

A

Francis Schnadhorst

100
Q

When did Gorst resign as Conservative Principal Agent?

A

March 1878

101
Q

Who replaced Gorst as Principal Agent?

A

Skene

102
Q

Why was Skene a failure?

A

Widely criticised due to incompetency - resigned shortly after the election defeat

103
Q

Why didn’t Disraeli get involved in 1880 election campaign?

A

Now Lord Beaconsfield, followed custom that peers shouldn’t be involved in campaigns

104
Q

What happened at debates between Liberals and Northcote?

A

Stafford Northcote was no match for them

105
Q

What happened when Liberals suggested changing land property law?

A

Attracted farming vote, Farmers’ Allianced received pledges of support for almost 60 Liberal candidates

106
Q

How many English county seats did the Conservatives lose in 1880 election?

A

25

107
Q

What did Disraeli say about the poor economic state?

A

‘Hard times, as far as I can recollect, has been our foe and is certainly the cause of our downfall’

108
Q

When was the Farmers’ Alliance formed?

A

1879

109
Q

How many Conservative seats were lost due to major impacts of Farmer’s Alliance?

A

At least 19

110
Q

When was the London Protocol?

A

9th April 1877

Britain 1865-1915 (11 decks)

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