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Britain 1865-1915 > Gladstone 1868-74 > Flashcards

Gladstone 1868-74 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Irish Church Act passed?

A

1869

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2
Q

What did the Disestablishment of the Church Act mean?

A

Anglican Church would no longer be state church, commencing 1st Jan 1871

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3
Q

£16 million of Irish Church property was compensated with what?

A

£5 million plus £9 Poor Law Board (as relief)

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4
Q

When was the Land Act passed?

A

1870

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5
Q

What did the Land act do?

A

Aimed to give compensation for evicted tennants

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6
Q

What did the Irish University Bill of 1873 propose?

A

Separation University of Dublin from Trinity

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7
Q

Who opposed the Irish Church Act?

A

Irish Anglicans and Conservatives

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8
Q

Why did Gladstone’s Acts anger Irish landowners?

A

Challenged their property rights

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9
Q

What happened with regard to the Irish Universities Bill?

A

Gladstone defeated by 3 votes and offered to resign but Disraeli refused to form a ministry

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10
Q

When was the National Education League formed?

A

1869, set up by Joseph Chamberlain

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11
Q

When was the University Tests Act?

A

1871

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12
Q

What did the University Tests Act mean?

A

Restrictions on non-Anglicans removed: they could now get scholarships and fellowships, could also become teachers

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13
Q

What did the 1868 Public Schools Act do?

A

Revised governing bodies of Clarendon Schools

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14
Q

When was the Elementary Education Act?

A

1870

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15
Q

What did the Elementary Education Act do?

A

Created dual system, caught Britain up with Prussia and USA

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16
Q

What did the NEL do in response to the 1870 Education Act not meeting their demands?

A

Ran candidates against the Liberals in the 1874 election

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17
Q

When was the Crimean War?

A

1854-56

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18
Q

What did the 1870 War Office Act do?

A

Split the war office into: commander in chief, general secretary and financial secretary

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19
Q

When was the Army Regulation Act?

A

1871

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20
Q

What did the Army Regulation act do?

A

Increased army from 200k to 487k as well as dividing the country into military regions

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21
Q

How was the abolition of purchase of commission introduced in 1871?

A

By Royal Warrant

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22
Q

When were Home Office positions to be open to competition?

A

June 1870 (examinations)

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23
Q

Who pressured for licensing reform?

A

UK Alliance and the Band of Hope Union

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24
Q

What did the 1872 Licensing Act do?

A

Fixed opening hours of institutions and checked for adulteration of beer

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25
Q

Who did the 1872 Licensing Act upset?

A

Liberals said it was too lenient

Angered brewing interest and ‘drinking masses’

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26
Q

What did the 1872 Ballot Act do?

A

Allowed secret vote

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27
Q

What did the 1871 Trade Union Act do?

A

Gave TUs legal protection

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28
Q

What did the 1871 Criminal Law Amendment Act do?

A

Aimed to prevent strikes, made intimidation illegal

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29
Q

What was the Gas Strokers’ Case?

A

December 1872 - declared that unionists could be charged with intimidation

30
Q

What did the 1873 Supreme Court of Judicature Act do?

A

Established Supreme Court, split into High Court and Court of Appeal

31
Q

What did the Local Government Act 1871 do?

A

Set up Local Government Board under local minister, responsible for health and PLAA

32
Q

When was the Public Health Act?

A

1872

33
Q

What did the Public Health Act do?

A

Established Urban and Rural Sanitary Unions, responsible for local level public health

34
Q

What were the aims of the Irish Land Act?

A

‘Pacify’ Ireland through meeting Tenure League demands, tenants to benefit from 3Fs

35
Q

What was the Ulster Custom?

A

Meant that tenants would receive compensation for being evicted - for any reason other than failure to pay

36
Q

What was the ‘John Bright’ clause?

A

Allowed tenants to purchase land for 2/3 of the price, through government grants

37
Q

What were the aims of the 1873 University Bill?

A

Address issue of religion in education and to support Catholics in education

38
Q

What did the University Bill propose?

A

Split Dublin from Trinity, Dublin wouldn’t have to teach philosophy to avoid controversy, professors wouldn’t have to be Anglican

39
Q

What did the Irish Church Act aim to do?

A

Settle Irish grievances: 80% were Catholic, 10% nonconformist and just 690k of 5.7mil were Anglican

40
Q

What did the Disestablishment of the Church Act mean?

A

Church of Ireland no longer state church post 1871, Anglican bishops to be elected by diocesan synods, £16mil of property compensated with £5mil plus £9mil to Poor Law Board as relief, Maynooth Grant abolished

41
Q

Who supported the Liberals?

A

Liberation Society (led by Mill), New Model Unions, Provincial Newspapers (eg Manchester Guardian, Leeds Mercury, Newcastle Chronicle)

42
Q

When was the Franco-Prussian War?

A

1870-71

43
Q

When did Gladstone get involved in the Franco-Prussian War?

A

When it was over - helped negotiate reparations down to 5billion francs

44
Q

Why did Gladstone not want to get involved in the Franco-Prussian War?

A

Policy of retrenchment - war was very expesive

45
Q

When did Russia want to revoke the Black Sea Clauses?

A

At the height of the Franco-Prussian war

46
Q

Why was Britain concerned about Russia?

A

Thought they were gaining too much influence in the Mediterranean and Black Sea area

47
Q

When did Gladstone invite Russian representatives to London?

A

March 1871

48
Q

Why did Gladstone settle on revoking the Black Sea Clauses?

A

Non-interventionism, pressure from Russia

49
Q

When was the Alabama Award?

A

1872

50
Q

What did USA claim Britain had done?

A

Breached neutrality - Confederate raiders (built in Cheshire) damaged a merchant fleet during the American Civil War

51
Q

What happened at the Treaty of Washington in 1871?

A

Arbitration. Gladstone agreed to pay £3.25million by September 1872, rather than the £9mil originally demanded

52
Q

What did Disraeli say Gladstone will do to the Empire?

A

‘Dismantle the Empire’

53
Q

Which ‘white dominions’ did Gladstone withdraw from?

A

eg Canada and New Zealand

54
Q

What was given to the Canadian PM?

A

A knighthood

55
Q

When did Britain withdraw from Gambia?

A

June 1870

56
Q

When was the Cape Colony given independence?

A

1872

57
Q

What did Gladstone say about imperial defence?

A

Self-governing colonies should handle internal defence

58
Q

Who threatened the Gold Coast Colony in 1873?

A

King Coffee Calcalli of Ashanti

59
Q

When was the Ashanti War?

A

1873-74

60
Q

When did the Conservatives undergo revival?

A

From 1867

61
Q

What happened at the Free Trade Hall in Manchester?

A

National Union ofConservative Associations addressed 6k+ people for three hours

62
Q

Who was appointed Principle Party Agent for the Conservatives in 1867?

A

John Gorst

63
Q

When was a new Conservative HQ established?

A

1871

64
Q

What did the National Union do?

A

Coordinated work of constituency associations

65
Q

When did Disraeli refuse to take office and why?

A

Feb 1874 - allowed the Liberals to disintergrate

66
Q

Where did Disraeli outline his 1874 election policy plan?

A

Manchester and Crystal Palace

67
Q

How many Liberals pledged to remove the disapointing Education Act?

A

200 of 425

68
Q

Who introduced led the introduction of army and civil service reform?

A

Cardwell

69
Q

When did Gladstone agree to the principle of female emancipation?

A

1869

70
Q

When was the Married Women Property Act?

A

1870

71
Q

What did the Married Women’s Property Act do?

A

Gave married women legal status and allowed women to keep £200 of her own earnings

Britain 1865-1915 (11 decks)

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