Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Britain 1865-1915 > Gladstone 1880-85 > Flashcards

Gladstone 1880-85 Flashcards

1
Q

When did economic growth start to slow down?

A

1873 - like most European economies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much did real wages fall 1873-79?

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was unemployment in 1871-74?

A

1-2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was unemployment in 1878?

A

6-8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was unemployment in 1879?

A

11.4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When did Gladstone criticise Disraeli’s foreign/imperial policies?

A

During 1879 and 1880 Midlothian campaigns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did Gladstone say about Beaconsfieldism?

A

Aggressive and expensive, not in British interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Gladstone say about Disraeli’s actions in South Africa and Afghanistan?

A

Called them pointless and barbaric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When did Northcote reduce income tax?

A

1874

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why did income tax have to be increased in 1880?

A

Due to increased expenditure, especially South Africa an Afghanistan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did income tax increase to by 1880?

A

From 2d/£ (1874) to 5d/£ (1880)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

By when had the Liberals overcome divisions?

A

1880

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who surprisingly supported Gladstone’s attack on Beaconsfieldism?

A

Nonconformists, who had deserted in 1874

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why were trade unions now supporting the Liberals?

A

Ironically because they were now satisfied with the Conservative trade union laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When was the Secret Ballot Act?

A

1872

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When was the Corrupt Practices Act?

A

1883

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What did the Corrupt Practices Act do?

A

Election expenses limited, election agents to produce accounts, clear definition of corrupt practices, fines/sentences for not complying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When was the Franchise Act?

A

1884

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What did the Franchise Act do?

A

Gave the vote to all male householders over 21, £10 lodgers and those living in shops worth £10+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When was the Redistribution of Seats Act?

A

1885

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did the Redistribution of Seats Act do?

A

Boroughs under 15k lost both MPs, boroughs under 50k lost one MP, 142 seats redistributed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why did Chamberlain want electoral reform?

A

Wanted to take over party with new radical leadership, believed reform would produce more liberal voters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why did Gladstone want electoral reform?

A

Running into trouble over Ireland, attempted to win popularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who took credit for electoral reform?

A

Gladstone, Chamberlain didn’t gain much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What was voting no longer tied to (3RA)?

A

property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What did the 3RA do to the franchise?

A

Uniform franchise in counties and boroughs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What did the 3RA do to the electorate?

A

Doubled from 3 to 6 million. 2/3 men could vote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where did a lot of new voters come from (3RA)?

A

Rural areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where did Conservatives strengthen their support (3RA)?

A

Boroughs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What did new Irish voters do? (3RA)

A

Consolidated position of Parnell and Irish Nationalist Party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why did Liberals lose Whig support? (3RA)

A

Due to abolition of so many seats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Why did radical Liberals become more influential?

A

Due to works of Joseph Chamberlain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What did Gladstone call the 1879 conflict with Afghanistan?

A

‘A war as frivolous as ever waged in the history of man’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What was the ‘new deal’ with the Afghan Amir?

A

Gave Britain control of strategically placed points connecting Afghanistan and India, including the Khyber Pass; they recognised Afghan independence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When did the Russians start working on railways close to Afghanistan?

A

1885

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When was there a clash at Pendjeh?

A

1885

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What happened following events at Pendjeh?

A

Govt issued £11mil grant and prepared 25k troops from India. Posters printed saying war with Russia had begun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Who issued a warning to the Sultan not to open the Straits for Britain?

A

Germany, France and Italy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

When did Russians annex Merv?

A

1884

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What happened to resolve Russo-British arguments over Afghanistan?

A

Preliminary arbitration agreement drawn up in May 1885

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Who declared a Jihad on Egyptians and westerners?

A

Mahdi Mohammed Ahmad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What happened an Anglo-Egyptian force, led by Hicks, at Shekan?

A

Hicks was killed and the army was trapped. November 1883

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Who did Gladstone send to resolve issues in Sudan?

A

Sent General Gordon to Khartoum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

When did Gladstone send a relief team for Gordon?

A

December 1884

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

When did the British relief team arrive in Khartoum?

A

23rd Feb - two days after Gordon had been killed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What was Gladstone called as, in response to Gordon’s death?

A

GOM - Gordon’s Own Murderer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What did Evelyn Baring say may happen if the Egyptians pulled out of Khartoum?

A

The Khedive would become so unpopular, his regime may fall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What did the queen advise Gladstone to do in regard to Sudan?

A

Wage war against the ‘wild Arabs’ to save Sudan from ‘murder, rapine and confusion’

49
Q

When was Baring’s advice rejected?

A

January 1884

50
Q

What happened in March 1884?

A

Gordon’s troops surrounded in Khartoum by Mahdi’s troops - siege lasted 10 months

51
Q

How much was raised for Gordon’s rescue expedition?

A

£300k

52
Q

What happened at the 1880 conference of London?

A

Persuaded Turkey to give Thessaly to Greece

53
Q

What response did the Great Powers give to Gladstone’s proposal to seize Smyrna?

A

France and Italy supported. Bismarck said he would merely ‘pray’ for the expedition. Austria feared Britain would take over turkey so rejected it

54
Q

Who did Turkey begin to look to for support over Britain?

A

Germany

55
Q

When did Germany send a mission to Constantinople?

A

1882

56
Q

What did the Sultan do before multilateral action against him was vetoed?

A

Agreed to the transfer of land

57
Q

What sort of policy did the High Commissioner, Sir Bartle Frere, pursue in South Africa?

A

Same as Carnavon, policy of confederation

58
Q

When did the Transvaalers rise in revolt? (First Boer War)

A

16 December 1880

59
Q

What happened in Feb 1881 at Majuba Hill, Natal?

A

British forces (under Sir George Colley) were defeated by Boers

60
Q

When was the Convention of Pretoria?

A

August 1881

61
Q

What did the Convention of Pretoria mean?

A

Britain recognised independence of Transvaal, subject to suzerainty (British would control their foreign policy)

62
Q

What happened at the 1884 Treaty of London?

A

Anglo-Transvaal relations to be formalised, vetoed suzerainty and announced annexiation of Bechuanaland

63
Q

When did the Boers wage war on the Transvaalers?

A

December 1880

64
Q

What did the Cabinet think of South African issues?

A

Divided - amongst others Granville and Derby opposed proactive stance, others favoured being more firm - esp Hartington who believed Boers needed to be taught a lesson in order to prevent rebellion in other parts of the Empire

65
Q

What did Gladstone say about reaction to the First Boer War?

A

To put aside ‘unworthy emotion’ and not seek vengeance

66
Q

What did the Transvaal settlers do in 1884 that worried the British?

A

Moved west into Stellaland, making war on local chiefs, seemed likely they would move to Bechuanaland (unoccupied by Europeans)

67
Q

Who was the Transvaal leader?

A

Paul Krueger

68
Q

Why did the British annex Bechuanaland?

A

Purely to maintain peace

69
Q

What did Derby say about Bechuanaland was to the British?

A

‘Of no value’

70
Q

When was the Khedive of Egypt declared bankrupt?

A

1876

71
Q

What was set up to deal with Egypt’s foreign investors after Khedive was bankrupt?

A

Public Debt Commission

72
Q

Who was appointed to the Public Debt commission and what did they do?

A

Two ministers, one English and one French; look after and run the financial side of Egypt’s government

73
Q

By when was it clear that the Public Debt Commission was a failure?

A

1878

74
Q

What did the Law of Liquidation do?

A

Gave six major European powers 66% of Egypt’s revenue to pay off foreign debt

75
Q

What did the Law of Liquidation lead to?

A

A nationalist revolt, let by Arabi Pasha at the end of 1881

76
Q

What did Gladstone want in terms of intervention in Egypt?

A

Joint Anglo-French force

77
Q

Why did the Anglo-French joint force in Egypt fail to materialise?

A

Unstable French govt 1881-82, pro-British PM Gambetta fell from power 27th Jan 1882

78
Q

Why did the May 1882 naval protest fail?

A

France failed to involve the Turks

79
Q

What was the result of the May 1882 naval protest?

A

Failed, sparked anti-Western riots in Alexandria on 11 and 12 June 1882, 50 Europeans killed in 2 days

80
Q

When did Admiral Seymour bombard Alexandria and why?

A

11 July 1882, misinterpreted his instructions

81
Q

When did Gladstone send an expedition to restore law and order in Egypt?

A

20th July 1882

82
Q

What did Gladstone hope the expedition to Egypt would be?

A

‘Rescue and retire’, however found it impossible to leave without a break down of law and order

83
Q

What happened at the London Conference in March 1885?

A

European powers failed to agree with the British (Dec 1884 loan plans) and forced British to remain in Egypt

84
Q

When did Arabi Pasha seize power?

A

1881

85
Q

What did Arabi do about foreign intervention in Egypt?

A

Banned it

86
Q

What did Khedive Tewfik have to do starve off bankruptcy?

A

Sack thousands of army officers

87
Q

What did Arabi and other officers do in September 1881?

A

Forced out the government in order to return the army to its former strengths

88
Q

What did Gladstone say should be the long term solution to Egyptian problems?

A

‘Egypt for Egyptians’, wrote to Granville saying he wanted ‘minimum interference’

89
Q

What did the French demand of the Egyptians via letter in 1881?

A

To accept European financial control or face consequences

90
Q

What was Gladstone’s reaction to the French letter to Egypt?

A

Initially opposed, but then persuaded by Granville, who said it ‘was to strengthen the government and maintain order’

91
Q

How did the Egyptian nationalists respond to the French letter?

A

Installed and extremist government (Arabi as Minister of war) in Jan 1882

92
Q

What did the Cabinet think about the Egyptian issue by 1882?

A

Divided. Hartington was particularly pro-action, he and others saw Arabi as a military adventurer, not a leader trying to free his country

93
Q

What did Hartington say he would do if there was no invasion of Egypt?

A

Resign

94
Q

What was noted by a minister about Gladstone, Granville and Bright on the Egyptian issue?

A

That they ‘stood alone against the rest of the party in supporting a let-alone policy’

95
Q

When were Egyptian coastal defences bombarded?

A

11 July 1882

96
Q

Who resigned over intervention in Egypt?

A

John Bright

97
Q

What were the two options for intervention in Egypt?

A

Work with French and possibly Italians to safeguard Suez, or an expedition to destroy Arabi (this won over parliament - troops sent to Cyprus and Malta)

98
Q

By how many votes was the expedition to Egypt passed in parliament?

A

275 to 19

99
Q

How much did the government pay for an expedition to Egypt?

A

£2.3million

100
Q

When did British forces enter Egypt?

A

August 1882

101
Q

Why did France withdraw support for Britain over intervention in Egypt?

A

Due to a last minute vote by the Chamber of Deputies against the venture - hence unilateral British action

102
Q

When was the Battle of Tal el Kabir?

A

September 1882

103
Q

What happened at Tal el Kabir?

A

Britain won a key battle, then occupied Cairo

104
Q

What did Gladstone say about his intention to occupy Cairo?

A

Insisted it wasn’t his intention, he merely ‘intervened’ and called for ‘withdrawal… as early as possible’

105
Q

Why could Britain not withdraw from Egypt quickly?

A

Had to ensure order was in place. Put the ringleaders of revolt on trial, reinstalled the Khedive with a British consul to ‘advise’ him, trained a new police force and army

106
Q

What was negotiated between European bondholders in Egypt by early 1883?

A

New loan, with Britain as the guarantor. Ensured bondholdedrs would receive their debt repayments

107
Q

What did Gladstone say about leaving Egypt in 1883?

A

That he would leave within a year, provided the Great Powers accept British influence in Egypt and would guarantee free passage along the Canal - Germany and France rejected this

108
Q

When was the abolition of the Malt Tax?

A

1880

109
Q

What did abolishing Malt Tax do?

A

Eased tax burden on farmers on malted barley - replaced with ‘beer tax’

110
Q

When was the Ground Game Act?

A

1880

111
Q

What did the Ground Game Act do?

A

Allowed tenant farmers to shoot hares and rabbits to supplement their diet

112
Q

What did the 1883 Agricultural Holdings Act do?

A

Made Disraeli’s permissive 1875 legislation compulsory - gave tenant farmers security of tenure

113
Q

When was the Mundella Education Act?

A

1880

114
Q

What did the Mundella Education Act do?

A

Made elementary education compulsory and created ‘truency officer’ position to enforce attendence

115
Q

When was the Employers Liability Act?

A

1880

116
Q

What did the Employers Liability Act do?

A

First act to provide financial compensation for injury at work

117
Q

When was the Women’s Property Act?

A

1882

118
Q

What did the Women’s Property Act do?

A

Gave married women legal protection of their property in case of divorce

Britain 1865-1915 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions