Ireland 1880-1903

Question 1

Which organisations did the Land League work with?

Answer 1

Clan Na Gael and IRB

Question 2

What did the Irish Land League base their programme on?

Answer 2

3Fs

Question 3

When did Parnell become leader of the Home Rule Party in parliament?

Answer 3

1880

Question 4

When was the Bessborough Commission set up?

Answer 4

April 1880

Question 5

What was the Bessborough Commission?

Answer 5

Commission to investigate 1870 Land Act, due to report in 1881

Question 6

Why did Gladstone say there was non-payment of rent?

Answer 6

Due to some degree of ‘distress’ but mainly Land League ‘conspiracy’

Question 7

When was there a 41 hour discussion over the Coercion Bill?

Answer 7

2nd Feb 1881

Question 8

When was the Coercion Act passed?

Answer 8

1881

Question 9

What was the Coercion Act in effect?

Answer 9

A suspension of Habeas Corpus

Question 10

What did the Land Act of 1881 work alongside?

Answer 10

1881 Coercion Act

Question 11

What did the 1881 Land Act introduce?

Answer 11

3Fs: Fair rent, fixity of tenure, freedom of sale

Question 12

What was the land purchase scheme involved in the 1881 Land Act?

Answer 12

Govt would issue grants of up to 3/4 of the price of property to help Irish buyers

Question 13

How did the Land Act impact rent prices in Ireland?

Answer 13

Decreased by 20% in a few years

Question 14

Why was there unrest in Ireland?

Answer 14

Agricultural depression being felt until the late 1870s. Wet summers 1877-79 along with new imported corn left cheap prices and low yield for t Irish farmers

Question 15

When were Irish leaders arrested under the Coercion Act?

Answer 15

October 1881

Question 16

What did Parnell say in his manifesto from Kilmainham?

Answer 16

Tenants should withhold rent

Question 17

When was the Kilmainham Treaty agreed?

Answer 17

April 1882

Question 18

Who was the mediator between Gladstone and Parnell over the Kilmainham Treaty?

Answer 18

Captain O’Shea

Question 19

What did the Kilmainham Treaty mean?

Answer 19

Govt agreed to clear rent arrears Parnell’s promise that Land War would end

Question 20

What did Parnell say about Gladstone’s philosophy on nationality?

Answer 20

That he was ‘the champion of rights of every other nation except Ireland”

Question 21

When was Parnell released from Kilmainham?

Answer 21

May 1882

Question 22

Who did the ‘Invincibles’ murder at Phoenix Park?

Answer 22

Sir Frederick Cavdendish and THomas Burke

Question 23

What was passed as a result of the Phoenix Park murders?

Answer 23

Tougher Coercion Act, Prevention of Crimes Act 1882

Question 24

When was the Arrears Act?

Answer 24

1882

Question 25

What did the Arrears Act do?

Answer 25

Effectively cleared rent arrears built up during the Land War

Question 26

How many sittings in parliament did the 1881 Land Act take to pass?

Answer 26

58

Question 27

Who did Gladstone call on to help pass the Land Act in 1881?

Answer 27

The Queen

Question 28

What did the Irish Land Courts mean for ordinary people?

Answer 28

Helped them achieve ownership of the land they farmed, rents fixed for 15 years and rent lower by 20%

Question 29

When did Butt form the Home Govt Association?

Answer 29

May 1870

Question 30

When did Butt replace the Home Govt Ass. with the Home Rule League?

Answer 30

1874

Question 31

How many Irish MPs won seats in the 1874 general election?

Answer 31

59

Question 32

How did the Ballot Act 1872 impact Ireland?

Answer 32

For the first time, allowed vote without intimidation

Question 33

Where in Ireland was the Great Depression felt hardest?

Answer 33

Rural south and west

Question 34

What happened to Irish immigrant opportunities in the UK during the Great Depression?

Answer 34

Dried up - resulted in discontent and demand for separation from the British

Question 35

Who did the Irish Nationalists vote with in the June 1885 election and why?

Answer 35

Conservatives due to lack of Liberal progress on Home Rule

Question 36

How many seats did the Liberals win in the 1885 election?

Answer 36

335

Question 37

How many seats did the Conservatives win in the 249 election?

Answer 37

249

Question 38

How many seats did the Irish Nationalists win in the 1885 election?

Answer 38

86

Question 39

How many Conservatives won seats in Ireland?

Answer 39

16 from Ulster

Question 40

When were the Conservatives defeated over a vote on the Queen's speech?

Answer 40

January 1886

Question 41

What was the Hawarden Kite?

Answer 41

Gladstone's conversion to Home Rule, through his son Herbert

Question 42

When was the Hawarden Kite?

Answer 42

December 1885

Question 43

When did Gladstone's third ministry start?

Answer 43

Feb 1886

Question 44

What did the First Home Rule Bill of propose?

Answer 44

Own Irish parliament controlling internal affairs, no Irish MPs at Westminster

Question 45

Who led opposition against the First Home Rule Bill?

Answer 45

Chamberlain and Hartington

Question 46

When did Chamberlain call a meeting in opposition to HR Bill?

Answer 46

31 May 1886

Question 47

What was the result of the First Home Rule Bill vote?

Answer 47

Defeated 343 to 313 (93 Liberals against it)

Question 48

What was the result of the election in summer 1886?

Answer 48

Unionists won 394 seats (216 Conservative and 78 Liberal Unionist); Liberals 191; 85 Irish

Question 49

What was the result of the First Home Rule Bill being defeated?

Answer 49

Split the Liberals - Conservatives in power for next 20 years

Question 50

What did Salisbury say Ireland faced following the defeat of the Liberal HR Bill?

Answer 50

'Resolute government'

Question 51

When was Ashbourne's Land Act?

Answer 51

1885 (Conservative)

Question 52

What did Ashbourne's 1885 Land Act mean?

Answer 52

Tenants given whole sum advance on purchase, repaid at 4% over 49 years

Question 53

How much did Ashbourne's Land Act pay out in its first three years?

Answer 53

£5 million

Question 54

When did the Plan of Campaign start?

Answer 54

1886

Question 55

Who led the Plan of Campaign?

Answer 55

John Dillon

Question 56

What did the Plan of Campaign do?

Answer 56

Encourages tenants to collectively bargain on certain estates for fairer rents - paid into 'estate fund' if landlord refused

Question 57

What was the Plan of Campaign a new stage of?

Answer 57

Land War (1879-82)

Question 58

When did Pope Leo XIIIcondemn the Plan of Campaign?

Answer 58

1888

Question 59

What did the July 1887 Land Act mean?

Answer 59

Allowed tenants to review their rent, bought leaseholders under protection of 1881 Land Act

Question 60

What did the 1887 Land Act to win over?

Answer 60

Liberal Unionist support for coercion

Question 61

When was the Crimes Act?

Answer 61

1887

Question 62

What did the 1887 Crimes Act do?

Answer 62

Outlawed the plan of campaign by allowing magistrates to detain people for suspected agrarian crimes (renewed every year until 1890)

Question 63

When was the Congested Districts Board set up?

Answer 63

1891

Question 64

Why was the Congested Districts Board set up?

Answer 64

To deal with the problems in western counties

Question 65

What did the Congested Districts Board do?

Answer 65

Built piers, fisheries encouraged, cottage industries established, assisted farming through set up of viable units

Question 66

What did the 1891 Land Purchase Act do?

Answer 66

Increased funding for land purchase to £33million, now tenants provided with stock rather than cash to pay landlords

Question 67

When was the Irish Local Govt Act?

Answer 67

1898

Question 68

Why was the Irish Local Govt Act passed?

Answer 68

As Ireland was excluded from 1888 Local Govt Act - to alleviate tension

Question 69

What did the 1898 Irish Local Govt Act do?

Answer 69

Introduced elected county, urban and rural district councils - destroyed Protestant and landowner influence

Question 70

When was the Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction formed?

Answer 70

1899

Question 71

Where did Plunkett form the Cooperative Society and what was his message?

Answer 71

Dunsany, preached 'self sacrifice, unselfishness, public spirit and toleration'

Question 72

Why was the 1899 Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction formed?

Answer 72

To encourage innovation and cooperative marketing

Question 73

When was Wyndham's Land Act?

Answer 73

1903

Question 74

What did Wyndham's Land Act offer?

Answer 74

12% cashback for landlords if they sold; 3.5% interest repayments over 68.5 years for purchase

Question 75

Who bore the cost of Wyndham's Land Act?

Answer 75

Treasury

Question 76

How many sales of property were down to Wyndham's Land Act?

Answer 76

200k

Question 77

When did Gladstone issue his Second Home Rule Bill?

Answer 77

1893

Question 78

When and why was the Second HR Bill defeated?

Answer 78

1893, due to the House of Lords

Question 79

What was the issue raised by Gladstone following the Second HR Bill being defeated?

Answer 79

Question of the constitutional position of Lords and their ability to veto reforms - basis for successful 1910 election campaign

Question 80

What did Forster do upon Parnell's release from prison?

Answer 80

Resigned

Question 81

What reason did Forster give for his resignation?

Answer 81

That it would have been a better course of action to take coercive measures with these 'trouble makers'

Question 82

When was the Land League set up?

Answer 82

October 1879 by Michael Davitt (former IRB member)

Question 83

When were the Phoenix Park Murders?

Answer 83

6 May 1882

Question 84

Who published the 'Parnellism and Crime' articles?

Answer 84

The Times, March 1887

Question 84

Who was Parnell involved in a divorce scandal with?

Answer 84

Captain O'Shea's and his wife

Question 85

What did Gladstone say to the Home Rule Party following the divorce scandal?

Answer 85

On 24th November 1890, he told them that unless Parnell resigned, the liberals would withdraw their support

Question 86

What was Salisbury's policy in Ireland?

Answer 86

'Killing Home Rule with kindness'

Question 87

When was there a riot in Michelstown?

Answer 87

September 1887

Question 88

What happened in the Michelstown riots?

Answer 88

Police shot and killed three demonstrators. Balfour unmoved, earned nickname 'Bloody Balfour'

Question 89

What was the punishment under the 1887 Crimes Act?

Answer 89

6 months hard labour

Question 90

What was the result of Parnell's divorce scandal on the Nationalists?

Answer 90

Split the party in two - Parnellites vs (majority) new leader McCarthy

Question 91

Who gave Ireland aid to prevent a potato famine in 1890?

Answer 91

Salisbury