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Britain 1865-1915 > Ireland 1880-1903 > Flashcards

Ireland 1880-1903 Flashcards

1
Q

Which organisations did the Land League work with?

A

Clan Na Gael and IRB

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2
Q

What did the Irish Land League base their programme on?

A

3Fs

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3
Q

When did Parnell become leader of the Home Rule Party in parliament?

A

1880

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4
Q

When was the Bessborough Commission set up?

A

April 1880

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5
Q

What was the Bessborough Commission?

A

Commission to investigate 1870 Land Act, due to report in 1881

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6
Q

Why did Gladstone say there was non-payment of rent?

A

Due to some degree of ‘distress’ but mainly Land League ‘conspiracy’

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7
Q

When was there a 41 hour discussion over the Coercion Bill?

A

2nd Feb 1881

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8
Q

When was the Coercion Act passed?

A

1881

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9
Q

What was the Coercion Act in effect?

A

A suspension of Habeas Corpus

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10
Q

What did the Land Act of 1881 work alongside?

A

1881 Coercion Act

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11
Q

What did the 1881 Land Act introduce?

A

3Fs: Fair rent, fixity of tenure, freedom of sale

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12
Q

What was the land purchase scheme involved in the 1881 Land Act?

A

Govt would issue grants of up to 3/4 of the price of property to help Irish buyers

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13
Q

How did the Land Act impact rent prices in Ireland?

A

Decreased by 20% in a few years

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14
Q

Why was there unrest in Ireland?

A

Agricultural depression being felt until the late 1870s. Wet summers 1877-79 along with new imported corn left cheap prices and low yield for t Irish farmers

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15
Q

When were Irish leaders arrested under the Coercion Act?

A

October 1881

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16
Q

What did Parnell say in his manifesto from Kilmainham?

A

Tenants should withhold rent

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17
Q

When was the Kilmainham Treaty agreed?

A

April 1882

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18
Q

Who was the mediator between Gladstone and Parnell over the Kilmainham Treaty?

A

Captain O’Shea

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19
Q

What did the Kilmainham Treaty mean?

A

Govt agreed to clear rent arrears Parnell’s promise that Land War would end

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20
Q

What did Parnell say about Gladstone’s philosophy on nationality?

A

That he was ‘the champion of rights of every other nation except Ireland”

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21
Q

When was Parnell released from Kilmainham?

A

May 1882

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22
Q

Who did the ‘Invincibles’ murder at Phoenix Park?

A

Sir Frederick Cavdendish and THomas Burke

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23
Q

What was passed as a result of the Phoenix Park murders?

A

Tougher Coercion Act, Prevention of Crimes Act 1882

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24
Q

When was the Arrears Act?

A

1882

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25
Q

What did the Arrears Act do?

A

Effectively cleared rent arrears built up during the Land War

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26
Q

How many sittings in parliament did the 1881 Land Act take to pass?

A

58

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27
Q

Who did Gladstone call on to help pass the Land Act in 1881?

A

The Queen

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28
Q

What did the Irish Land Courts mean for ordinary people?

A

Helped them achieve ownership of the land they farmed, rents fixed for 15 years and rent lower by 20%

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29
Q

When did Butt form the Home Govt Association?

A

May 1870

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30
Q

When did Butt replace the Home Govt Ass. with the Home Rule League?

A

1874

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31
Q

How many Irish MPs won seats in the 1874 general election?

A

59

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32
Q

How did the Ballot Act 1872 impact Ireland?

A

For the first time, allowed vote without intimidation

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33
Q

Where in Ireland was the Great Depression felt hardest?

A

Rural south and west

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34
Q

What happened to Irish immigrant opportunities in the UK during the Great Depression?

A

Dried up - resulted in discontent and demand for separation from the British

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35
Q

Who did the Irish Nationalists vote with in the June 1885 election and why?

A

Conservatives due to lack of Liberal progress on Home Rule

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36
Q

How many seats did the Liberals win in the 1885 election?

A

335

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37
Q

How many seats did the Conservatives win in the 249 election?

A

249

38
Q

How many seats did the Irish Nationalists win in the 1885 election?

A

86

39
Q

How many Conservatives won seats in Ireland?

A

16 from Ulster

40
Q

When were the Conservatives defeated over a vote on the Queen’s speech?

A

January 1886

41
Q

What was the Hawarden Kite?

A

Gladstone’s conversion to Home Rule, through his son Herbert

42
Q

When was the Hawarden Kite?

A

December 1885

43
Q

When did Gladstone’s third ministry start?

A

Feb 1886

44
Q

What did the First Home Rule Bill of propose?

A

Own Irish parliament controlling internal affairs, no Irish MPs at Westminster

45
Q

Who led opposition against the First Home Rule Bill?

A

Chamberlain and Hartington

46
Q

When did Chamberlain call a meeting in opposition to HR Bill?

A

31 May 1886

47
Q

What was the result of the First Home Rule Bill vote?

A

Defeated 343 to 313 (93 Liberals against it)

48
Q

What was the result of the election in summer 1886?

A

Unionists won 394 seats (216 Conservative and 78 Liberal Unionist); Liberals 191; 85 Irish

49
Q

What was the result of the First Home Rule Bill being defeated?

A

Split the Liberals - Conservatives in power for next 20 years

50
Q

What did Salisbury say Ireland faced following the defeat of the Liberal HR Bill?

A

‘Resolute government’

51
Q

When was Ashbourne’s Land Act?

A

1885 (Conservative)

52
Q

What did Ashbourne’s 1885 Land Act mean?

A

Tenants given whole sum advance on purchase, repaid at 4% over 49 years

53
Q

How much did Ashbourne’s Land Act pay out in its first three years?

A

£5 million

54
Q

When did the Plan of Campaign start?

A

1886

55
Q

Who led the Plan of Campaign?

A

John Dillon

56
Q

What did the Plan of Campaign do?

A

Encourages tenants to collectively bargain on certain estates for fairer rents - paid into ‘estate fund’ if landlord refused

57
Q

What was the Plan of Campaign a new stage of?

A

Land War (1879-82)

58
Q

When did Pope Leo XIIIcondemn the Plan of Campaign?

A

1888

59
Q

What did the July 1887 Land Act mean?

A

Allowed tenants to review their rent, bought leaseholders under protection of 1881 Land Act

60
Q

What did the 1887 Land Act to win over?

A

Liberal Unionist support for coercion

61
Q

When was the Crimes Act?

A

1887

62
Q

What did the 1887 Crimes Act do?

A

Outlawed the plan of campaign by allowing magistrates to detain people for suspected agrarian crimes (renewed every year until 1890)

63
Q

When was the Congested Districts Board set up?

A

1891

64
Q

Why was the Congested Districts Board set up?

A

To deal with the problems in western counties

65
Q

What did the Congested Districts Board do?

A

Built piers, fisheries encouraged, cottage industries established, assisted farming through set up of viable units

66
Q

What did the 1891 Land Purchase Act do?

A

Increased funding for land purchase to £33million, now tenants provided with stock rather than cash to pay landlords

67
Q

When was the Irish Local Govt Act?

A

1898

68
Q

Why was the Irish Local Govt Act passed?

A

As Ireland was excluded from 1888 Local Govt Act - to alleviate tension

69
Q

What did the 1898 Irish Local Govt Act do?

A

Introduced elected county, urban and rural district councils - destroyed Protestant and landowner influence

70
Q

When was the Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction formed?

A

1899

71
Q

Where did Plunkett form the Cooperative Society and what was his message?

A

Dunsany, preached ‘self sacrifice, unselfishness, public spirit and toleration’

72
Q

Why was the 1899 Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction formed?

A

To encourage innovation and cooperative marketing

73
Q

When was Wyndham’s Land Act?

A

1903

74
Q

What did Wyndham’s Land Act offer?

A

12% cashback for landlords if they sold; 3.5% interest repayments over 68.5 years for purchase

75
Q

Who bore the cost of Wyndham’s Land Act?

A

Treasury

76
Q

How many sales of property were down to Wyndham’s Land Act?

A

200k

77
Q

When did Gladstone issue his Second Home Rule Bill?

A

1893

78
Q

When and why was the Second HR Bill defeated?

A

1893, due to the House of Lords

79
Q

What was the issue raised by Gladstone following the Second HR Bill being defeated?

A

Question of the constitutional position of Lords and their ability to veto reforms - basis for successful 1910 election campaign

80
Q

What did Forster do upon Parnell’s release from prison?

A

Resigned

81
Q

What reason did Forster give for his resignation?

A

That it would have been a better course of action to take coercive measures with these ‘trouble makers’

82
Q

When was the Land League set up?

A

October 1879 by Michael Davitt (former IRB member)

83
Q

When were the Phoenix Park Murders?

A

6 May 1882

84
Q

Who published the ‘Parnellism and Crime’ articles?

A

The Times, March 1887

84
Q

Who was Parnell involved in a divorce scandal with?

A

Captain O’Shea’s and his wife

85
Q

What did Gladstone say to the Home Rule Party following the divorce scandal?

A

On 24th November 1890, he told them that unless Parnell resigned, the liberals would withdraw their support

86
Q

What was Salisbury’s policy in Ireland?

A

‘Killing Home Rule with kindness’

87
Q

When was there a riot in Michelstown?

A

September 1887

88
Q

What happened in the Michelstown riots?

A

Police shot and killed three demonstrators. Balfour unmoved, earned nickname ‘Bloody Balfour’

89
Q

What was the punishment under the 1887 Crimes Act?

A

6 months hard labour

90
Q

What was the result of Parnell’s divorce scandal on the Nationalists?

A

Split the party in two - Parnellites vs (majority) new leader McCarthy

91
Q

Who gave Ireland aid to prevent a potato famine in 1890?

A

Salisbury

Britain 1865-1915 (11 decks)

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