Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Britain 1865-1915 > Conservative Dominance and Rise of Labour 1885-1905 > Flashcards

Conservative Dominance and Rise of Labour 1885-1905 Flashcards

1
Q

What did the 1888 Local Govt Act mean?

A

Created county councils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When was the Housing of the Working Class Act passed?

A

1890

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did the Housing of the Working Class Act mean?

A

Councils allowed to replaced unsuitable dwellings with councilbuilt ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When was the Factory Act passed?

A

1890

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did the 1890 Factory Act do?

A

Forbade under 11s working and set a max 12 hour day for women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When was the Allotment and Smallholdings Act passed?

A

1892

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did the Allotment and Smallholdings Act do?

A

Attempted to set up labourers with own land - ultimately failed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did the 1892-95 Royal Commission say?

A

Nearly 50% of labouring class earned less than 75p/week - ‘survivable rate’ was £1.25/week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many seats did the Conservatives win in the 1895 election?

A

341 (with support from 70 Liberal Unionists - Liberals: 177, Irish: 82)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How and when were Conservative-Liberal Unionist relations formalised?

A

By 1895, with Chamberlain in the Cabinet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much was the 1886 electorate increased by the 1884 Franchise Act?

A

Up 3 million (total 6 million)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many Conservatives were returned to London 1865 vs 1900?

A

1865: 0/75
1900: 67/75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was ‘Villa Toryism’?

A

Middle class support for Conservatives - disillusioned with radical causes of the Liberals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did Salisbury push for as a price for the Liberal Franchise Act?

A

Redistribution of Seats Act (1885)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How did the Redistribution Act favour the Conservatives by 1900 election?

A

Conservatives won 51% of votes and held 402 seats; Liberals won 47% of votes and held just 184 seats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who were plural voters and who did they help?

A

University graduates, managers, teachers etc (~7% of total vote) - voting for Conservatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which towns were attracted to Conservative defence policy?

A

Those with a large military presence - Portsmouth and Aldershot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why did ‘drinking masses’ support the Conservatives?

A

Opposed Liberal drinking reform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which Conservative associations attracted voters?

A

Primrose League and Conservative Men’s Clubs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When was Captain Middleton appointed Principle Party Agent?

A

1884

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How did Cpt. Middleton improve the Conservatives?

A

Advised timing of elections, promoted Primrose League, revamped the National Union, reorganised agents in regions (London had 30 Cons. agents vs 3 Liberals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did the Mines Regulation Act 1892 do?

A

Extended regulation of coalmining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When was the Education Act passed?

A

1891

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What did the 1891 Education Act do?

A

Abolished school fees (mainly due to Chamberlain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What did the Agricultural Ratings Act and Diseases of Animals Act do?

A

Helped farmers and boosted agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When did the Boer War start/finish?

A

October 1899-May 1902

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How did the Boer War help the Conservatives?

A

Salisbury decided on the 1900 Khaki Election - landslide victory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which religious group helped Conservatives?

A

Non-Conformists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How many members did the Primrose League have by 1900?

A

500k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Why was Gladstone’s resignation a problem?

A

Liberals had no clear leadership by 1900 - Rosebery was a compromise (weak bills made Liberals seem weak), Harcourt argued poorly on the Boer War; succeeded by Campbell-Bannerman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How did Home Rule split the Liberals?

A

Factions left, meant party was dominated by radicals, made to seem a single issue party through 1890s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How did poor finances cause a burden on the Liberals?

A

Could not contest 114 seats in 1895; and 138 seats in 1900

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How did the National Liberal Federation hinder the Liberals?

A

Often rejected working class candidates - could not win without working class votes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

When was the Local Govt Act?

A

1888

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Why did the people want an alternative to Conservatives and Liberals?

A

Liberals (esp Gladstone) focused on Europe, Salisbury dominated by foreign policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How were New Unions different to Craft Unions?

A

Had members from multiple trades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What was the yearly fee for New Union membership?

A

1d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

When did Craft Unions join New Unions in giving support for the LRC?

A

Following the 1901 Taff Vale Judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Who was appointed the first General Secretary of the LRC?

A

Ramsay McDonald

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

When did James Kier Hardie and John Burns become MPs that would help form ILP?

A

1892

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What was Kier Hardie’s vision for reform?

A

Eight hour day, end child labour, unemployment an sickness insurance, inheritance tax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Who formed the Fabian Society?

A

Beatrice and Sydney Webb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What was the Fabian Society’s view on socialism?

A

Would come naturally, rather than through armed revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Which Marxist works were influential to British socialists?

A

Communist Manifesto, Das Kapital

60
Q

Who set up the Socialist Society?

A

Morris

61
Q

Who set up the SDF?

A

Hyndman

62
Q

Why was socialism generally limited?

A

Widely seen as too extreme

63
Q

Where did the ILP first emerge?

A

Bradford in 1893

64
Q

What did Kier Hardie say about ILP relations with Labour?

A

Would stand on its own feet - determined not to be the ‘poor relation’ of the Liberals

65
Q

How did Labour fare in the 1895 election?

A

Not one of the 28 candidates won their seat; including Kier Hardie and Burns

66
Q

How did Hardie attempt to broaden the appeal of the ILP?

A

Worked with TUs, recruited new members, encouraged women’s movements

67
Q

Why did Hardie struggle to gain support from TUC?

A

TUC dominated by Craft Unionists who clung onto outdated self-help and laissez faire ideology - refused endorsement of ILP for several years running

68
Q

How had the TU movement changed by 1899?

A

Mass New Unions with low-paid unskilled workers had become well organised, with a network of branches- ever growing membership

69
Q

How had the Craft Unions changed by 1899?

A

Feared they’d lose control of TUC; allowed unskilled membership, coming around to socialist ideas and noticed need for social reform

70
Q

When was the Taff Vale Case and what happened?

A

1900 - railway strike on Taff Vale Railway received backing of Amalgamated Society of Railway Workers. Railway company sued the union for £23,000 damages

71
Q

When was the Taff Vale Judgement and what was its impact?

A

1901 - Unions afraid to strike for better conditions in fear of being sued, financial problems could break unions. Increase in support for LRC

72
Q

Why did the LRC benefit from the Taff Vale Judgement?

A

People turned to them as they saw need for them to protect legal rights of TUs

73
Q

What was said at the 1899 Annual Conference of TUC?

A

Voted by a small majority to hold a conference of labour groups and societies to discuss how to increase parliamentary representation

74
Q

When was the LRC formed?

A

February 1900

75
Q

Who formed the LRC?

A

Union reps, LRC, local Labour parties, co-op societies, SDF, Fabians, Socialist League

76
Q

When was the LRC renamed as the Labour Party?

A

1905

77
Q

What deal did Labour strike with the Liberals in 1903?

A

Wouldn’t stand against each other in certain constituencies

78
Q

How many seats did Labour win in 1906 election?

A

29

79
Q

How many TU leaders were standing for office in local elections in 1896?

A

600

80
Q

How much of the work force was in TUs 1880/1914?

A

1880: 5%
1914: 25%

81
Q

How did TU membership change 1889-91?

A

Doubled

82
Q

The Match Girls’ Strike?

A

July 1888

83
Q

What happened in the Match Girls’ Strike?

A

Women in Bryant and May match factory protested poor conditions and low page

84
Q

Who led the Match Girls’ Strike and what did she do?

A

Annie Besant, wrote article entitled ‘white slavery’

85
Q

When was the Gas Workers’ Union strike?

A

July 1889

86
Q

Who led the Gas Workers’ Strike of 1889?

A

Will Thorne (SDF), established General Labourers Union, 200k members quickly

87
Q

What were the Gas Workers protesting for?

A

3x 12 hour shifts instead of 2x 12 hours

88
Q

What was the result of the Gas Workers’ Strike?

A

Metropolitan Gas Company immediately agreed to terms. Led to better pay and conditions. Led to increased TU membership and stronger TU power

89
Q

When was the Dockers’ Strike?

A

August 1889

90
Q

What were the Dockers protesting?

A

5d/hour wage, ‘call-on’ clause, wanted rid of the ‘plus’ system

91
Q

Who led the Dockers’ Strike?

A

Tillett, Mann and Burns - West India Dock workers

92
Q

How long did the Dockers’ Strike last and who aided them?

A

5 weeks - £30k aid from Australian TU supporters

93
Q

What was the result of the Dockers’ Strike?

A

Solution reached with help of London Mayor and Cardinal Manning. Wages up and General Labourers Union formed with 30k members

94
Q

What did Ben Tillett say about New Unionism and TUs?

A

‘The beginning of an alliance between the TU movement and the socialist movement that would form the Labour Party’

95
Q

When was Balfour’s Education Act?

A

1902

96
Q

What did Balfour’s Education Act do?

A

Established state responsibility for secondary education. Old school boards abolished (1870 Act), Local Education Authorities now responsible for finances

97
Q

Why were people angry over the 1902 Education Act?

A

Nonconformists angry that Church schools received funding from local rates

98
Q

What were the successes of the 1902 Education Act?

A

Allowed working and middle class children to benefit from education above elementary level for small fee. Ultimately created secondary school system

99
Q

What was ‘Chinese Slavery’?

A

Balfour’s sanctioning of Chinese workers to rebuild the Transvaal (paid for by Rand miners)

100
Q

How many Chinese workers were brought to the Transvaal?

A

63,000

101
Q

Why were there comparisons of the Chinese workers to slaves?

A

Isolated from local population, single sex living - yet got paid significantly more and were far better off than in China

102
Q

When was there a protest over Chinese Slavery?

A

1904 in Hyde Park (80k people)

103
Q

What was Balfour’s approach to TUs?

A

Largely overlooked - ignored calls for amendments to the 1901 Taff Vale Judgement

104
Q

When was there a dispute over tariff reform?

A

1903

105
Q

What did Chamberlain base his tariff reform view on?

A

Imperial Preference, wanted to counter economic decline

106
Q

What did Chamberlain see revenue from tariffs being used for?

A

Education, navy and an alternative to raising direct taxation

107
Q

When did Chamberlain speak out against free trade?

A

May 1903 in Birmingham

108
Q

When did Balfour speak about removing tariffs on wheat?

A

May 1903 (same day as Chambo in Bham)

109
Q

When did Chamberlain resign?

A

September 1903

110
Q

When was Balfour’s Education Act?

A

1902

111
Q

What did Balfour’s Education Act do?

A

Established state responsibility for secondary education. Old school boards abolished (1870 Act), Local Education Authorities now responsible for finances

112
Q

Why were people angry over the 1902 Education Act?

A

Nonconformists angry that Church schools received funding from local rates

113
Q

What were the successes of the 1902 Education Act?

A

Allowed working and middle class children to benefit from education above elementary level for small fee. Ultimately created secondary school system

114
Q

What was ‘Chinese Slavery’?

A

Balfour’s sanctioning of Chinese workers to rebuild the Transvaal (paid for by Rand miners)

115
Q

How many Chinese workers were brought to the Transvaal?

A

63,000

116
Q

Why were there comparisons of the Chinese workers to slaves?

A

Isolated from local population, single sex living - yet got paid significantly more and were far better off than in China

117
Q

When was there a protest over Chinese Slavery?

A

1904 in Hyde Park (80k people)

118
Q

What was Balfour’s approach to TUs?

A

Largely overlooked - ignored calls for amendments to the 1901 Taff Vale Judgement

119
Q

When was there a dispute over tariff reform?

A

1903

120
Q

What did Chamberlain base his tariff reform view on?

A

Imperial Preference, wanted to counter economic decline

121
Q

What did Chamberlain see revenue from tariffs being used for?

A

Education, navy and an alternative to raising direct taxation

122
Q

When did Chamberlain speak out against free trade?

A

May 1903 in Birmingham

123
Q

When did Balfour speak about removing tariffs on wheat?

A

May 1903 (same day as Chambo in Bham)

124
Q

When did Chamberlain resign?

A

September 1903

Britain 1865-1915 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions