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Britain 1865-1915 > Challenges at Home and Abroad 1902-15 > Flashcards

Challenges at Home and Abroad 1902-15 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Kiel Canal opened?

A

1895

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2
Q

When were the German Navy Laws?

A

1899-1900

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3
Q

When/why did Russians increase presence in Manchuria?

A

1900 - Boxer rebellion

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4
Q

When was the Anglo-Japanese Alliance?

A

1902

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5
Q

What did the Anglo-Japanese Alliance mean?

A

If either country was attacked by two or more powers, other would intervene. Japs accepted Britain in China and Pacific, Brits accepted Japs in Korea. Naval supremacy - bigger than any third power

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6
Q

When was the Russo-Japanese War?

A

1904 (Britain stayed out)

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7
Q

When was the Entente Cordiale?

A

April 1904

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8
Q

What did the Entente Cordiale mean?

A

A friendly agreement - Brits accepted French in Morocco, French accepted defeat over Newfoundland fishing dispute and British interest in Sudan. NOT A DEFENSIVE ALLIANCE

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9
Q

What did Britain adopt to counter the German High Seas Fleet?

A

‘Double power standard’

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10
Q

Who orchestrated the building of the first Dreadnaught?

A

Sir John Fisher

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11
Q

How many Dreadnoughts did Britain and Germany have by 1914?

A

Britain 29, Germany 17

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12
Q

What reforms did Haldane introduce in the army?

A

General Staff to improve efficiency and Officers’ Training Corps to instil military values

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13
Q

When was the First Moroccan Crisis?

A

1905

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14
Q

Why did the First Moroccan Crisis happen?

A

Wilhelm stepped in to support Moroccan independence in opposition to France

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15
Q

What happened at the 1906 Algeciras conference?

A

Britain, France, Russia, Italy and Spain supported French interest - only Germany and A-H against

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16
Q

When was the Anglo-Russian Entente?

A

1907

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17
Q

What did the Anglo-Russian Entente mean?

A

Settled differences over Turkey, India and China. Now could focus British Expeditionary Force in Europe

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18
Q

When was the Second Moroccan Crisis?

A

1911

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19
Q

What happened at the Second Moroccan Crisis?

A

Wilhelm sent a warship to Agadir; wanted compensation for Germans in Fez. Britain made it clear that they would support France in conflict.

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20
Q

When did A-H annex Bosnia?

A

1908

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21
Q

Who pressed Russia to accept Austrian annexation of Serbia?

A

Germany

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22
Q

Which countries were in a loose ‘Triple Entente’?

A

Russia, France and Britain - aimed to preserve peace

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23
Q

When were the Balkan Wars?

A

1912-13

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24
Q

What happened in the first Balkan War?

A

Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria chased Turks out of Europe

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25
Where were the consequences of the first Boer War agreed upon?
Conference of London - led by Grey
26
What happened in the second Balkan War?
Serbia and Bulgaria fell out over gains. Bulgaria lost, Austria anxious over Serbia. Agreement at London - eased tensions in Balkans
27
What did Arthur Nicholson (Head of Foreign Office) note in May 1914?
'Since I have been here, I have not seen such calm waters'
28
When was Franz Ferdinand assassinated?
28 June 1914
29
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
4th August 1914
30
When did Salisbury retire from office?
1902
31
What did the Osborne Case of 1909 mean?
It was illegal for TUs to fund parties
32
What reversed the Osborne Judgement?
Trade Union Act 1913
33
How many people were members of trade unions by 1914?
4million
34
Why were people moving away from Liberalism to Labour?
Tensions w/ TUs - a working class party
35
How did WWI impact Labour?
Divisions - but not long term. Worked with TUs and govt to ensure success in war. TU membership almost doubled, increasing Labour funding
36
When had Redmond managed to reunite the Irish Party?
1900 (split since Parnell's death 1891)
37
When did Irish MPs hold the balance of power?
1910 election - 82 Irish, 274 Liberals and 272 Conservatives
38
What happened to the HR Bill in 1912?
Rejected in Lords
39
When was HR set to become law?
1914
40
Who organised the UVF?
Sir Edward Carson
41
How many members did the UVF have by 1914?
100k
42
What was signed, declaring that Ulster would defend the Act of Union?
Ulster Solemn League and Covenant
43
Who pledged Conservative support for Ulster rebels?
Bonar Law
44
What was the exemption given to Ulster for 1914?
Opt-out clause from Ireland - temporary, only for 6 years
45
What happened at Curragh in March 1914?
British officers would 'rather accept dismissal' than fight fellow Protestants
46
What did Bonar Law liken the acts of the Curragh Mutiny to?
Treason
47
Who was forced to resign over the Curragh Mutiny?
Sir John Seely, Asquith's war minister
48
When was Sinn Fein founded?
1905 by Arthur Griffin
49
When was the Gaelic League founded?
1893
50
Who founded the Irish Citizen Army?
James Connolly
51
When were the Irish Volunteers formed and why?
November 1913, response to UVF
52
How did the Irish Volunteers and UVF respond to WWI?
Offered their services - wanted preferential treatment
53
When did Emeline Pankhurst form the WSPU?
1903
54
When did Emeline Fawcett form the NUWSS?
1897
55
Why was the WSPU created?
Frustration at lack of progress from NUWSS
56
What was the WSPU slogan?
'Deeds not words'
57
Who first referred to the women's movement as 'the suffragettes'?
The Daily Mail
58
When was a petition for women's suffrage rejected by govt?
1904
59
Who was in favour of women's suffrage?
George, Campbell-Bannerman partially
60
Who opposed women's suffrage?
Asquith, most MPs
61
When was the Qualification of Women Act?
1907
62
What did the 1907 Qualification of Women Act do?
Allowed women to run in local elections and to become mayor
63
When did Asquith agree to a free vote on a women's franchise bill?
1910 election
64
What happened to all women's franchise bills by 1912?
Rejected after first reading
65
When did Pankhurst issue the 'wild period'?
1912 - after a bill was rejected on a technicality
66
What happened during the 'wild period'?
Houses and Churches firebombed, even Lloyd George's home attacked
67
When was the Cat and Mouse Act?
1913
68
What did the 1913 Cat and Mouse Act do?
Allowed release of women hunger-striking and later rearrest
69
What did Emily Davison do on Derby Day in 1913?
Threw herself at the King's horse Ammer in Epsom - died 4 days later in hospital
70
By when had the Liberals settled on women's suffrage?
1912 - just needed finalising
71
When was the Representation of the People Act?
1918
72
What did the Representation of the People Act do?
Enfranchised all men over 21 and all propertied women over 30
73
Who did Asquith appoint Secretary of State for War?
Kitchener - Asquith effectively powerless
74
What did Churchill say to do once the war had started?
Conduct 'business as usual'
75
How big was Britain's volunteer army by December 1914?
1million
76
When was the Defence of the Realm Act passed?
August 1914
77
What did the Defence of the Realm Act mean?
Gave govt power to introduce restrictions upon civilians at any time - rail and docks given to board of trade, income tax doubled in November 1914, press censored
78
When was an agreement struck with TU leaders to ensure wartime cooperation?
March 1915
79
Who did Asquith bring onto his Cabinet in March 1915 and why?
Bonar Law, Balfour, Lansdowne (Cons) and Henderson (Labour) - coalition govt allowed no election
80
Why was there increased pressure on Asquith to introduce conscription?
Shortage of shells on the warfront - George appointed Minister of Munitions yet needed extended control of industry to do so
81
Why was Asquith criticised as a wartime PM?
Too cautious, lacked urgency and decisiveness of George; divided the party over divergence from laissez faire
82
How many members did TUs have by 1914?
4million
83
What was the 'triple alliance' of workers?
Miners, railway workers, transport workers. Support protesters

Britain 1865-1915 (11 decks)

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