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Britain 1865-1915 > Challenges at Home and Abroad 1902-15 > Flashcards

Challenges at Home and Abroad 1902-15 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Kiel Canal opened?

A

1895

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2
Q

When were the German Navy Laws?

A

1899-1900

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3
Q

When/why did Russians increase presence in Manchuria?

A

1900 - Boxer rebellion

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4
Q

When was the Anglo-Japanese Alliance?

A

1902

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5
Q

What did the Anglo-Japanese Alliance mean?

A

If either country was attacked by two or more powers, other would intervene. Japs accepted Britain in China and Pacific, Brits accepted Japs in Korea. Naval supremacy - bigger than any third power

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6
Q

When was the Russo-Japanese War?

A

1904 (Britain stayed out)

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7
Q

When was the Entente Cordiale?

A

April 1904

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8
Q

What did the Entente Cordiale mean?

A

A friendly agreement - Brits accepted French in Morocco, French accepted defeat over Newfoundland fishing dispute and British interest in Sudan. NOT A DEFENSIVE ALLIANCE

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9
Q

What did Britain adopt to counter the German High Seas Fleet?

A

‘Double power standard’

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10
Q

Who orchestrated the building of the first Dreadnaught?

A

Sir John Fisher

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11
Q

How many Dreadnoughts did Britain and Germany have by 1914?

A

Britain 29, Germany 17

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12
Q

What reforms did Haldane introduce in the army?

A

General Staff to improve efficiency and Officers’ Training Corps to instil military values

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13
Q

When was the First Moroccan Crisis?

A

1905

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14
Q

Why did the First Moroccan Crisis happen?

A

Wilhelm stepped in to support Moroccan independence in opposition to France

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15
Q

What happened at the 1906 Algeciras conference?

A

Britain, France, Russia, Italy and Spain supported French interest - only Germany and A-H against

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16
Q

When was the Anglo-Russian Entente?

A

1907

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17
Q

What did the Anglo-Russian Entente mean?

A

Settled differences over Turkey, India and China. Now could focus British Expeditionary Force in Europe

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18
Q

When was the Second Moroccan Crisis?

A

1911

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19
Q

What happened at the Second Moroccan Crisis?

A

Wilhelm sent a warship to Agadir; wanted compensation for Germans in Fez. Britain made it clear that they would support France in conflict.

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20
Q

When did A-H annex Bosnia?

A

1908

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21
Q

Who pressed Russia to accept Austrian annexation of Serbia?

A

Germany

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22
Q

Which countries were in a loose ‘Triple Entente’?

A

Russia, France and Britain - aimed to preserve peace

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23
Q

When were the Balkan Wars?

A

1912-13

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24
Q

What happened in the first Balkan War?

A

Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria chased Turks out of Europe

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25
Q

Where were the consequences of the first Boer War agreed upon?

A

Conference of London - led by Grey

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26
Q

What happened in the second Balkan War?

A

Serbia and Bulgaria fell out over gains. Bulgaria lost, Austria anxious over Serbia. Agreement at London - eased tensions in Balkans

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27
Q

What did Arthur Nicholson (Head of Foreign Office) note in May 1914?

A

‘Since I have been here, I have not seen such calm waters’

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28
Q

When was Franz Ferdinand assassinated?

A

28 June 1914

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29
Q

When did Britain declare war on Germany?

A

4th August 1914

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30
Q

When did Salisbury retire from office?

A

1902

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31
Q

What did the Osborne Case of 1909 mean?

A

It was illegal for TUs to fund parties

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32
Q

What reversed the Osborne Judgement?

A

Trade Union Act 1913

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33
Q

How many people were members of trade unions by 1914?

A

4million

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34
Q

Why were people moving away from Liberalism to Labour?

A

Tensions w/ TUs - a working class party

35
Q

How did WWI impact Labour?

A

Divisions - but not long term. Worked with TUs and govt to ensure success in war. TU membership almost doubled, increasing Labour funding

36
Q

When had Redmond managed to reunite the Irish Party?

A

1900 (split since Parnell’s death 1891)

37
Q

When did Irish MPs hold the balance of power?

A

1910 election - 82 Irish, 274 Liberals and 272 Conservatives

38
Q

What happened to the HR Bill in 1912?

A

Rejected in Lords

39
Q

When was HR set to become law?

A

1914

40
Q

Who organised the UVF?

A

Sir Edward Carson

41
Q

How many members did the UVF have by 1914?

A

100k

42
Q

What was signed, declaring that Ulster would defend the Act of Union?

A

Ulster Solemn League and Covenant

43
Q

Who pledged Conservative support for Ulster rebels?

A

Bonar Law

44
Q

What was the exemption given to Ulster for 1914?

A

Opt-out clause from Ireland - temporary, only for 6 years

45
Q

What happened at Curragh in March 1914?

A

British officers would ‘rather accept dismissal’ than fight fellow Protestants

46
Q

What did Bonar Law liken the acts of the Curragh Mutiny to?

A

Treason

47
Q

Who was forced to resign over the Curragh Mutiny?

A

Sir John Seely, Asquith’s war minister

48
Q

When was Sinn Fein founded?

A

1905 by Arthur Griffin

49
Q

When was the Gaelic League founded?

A

1893

50
Q

Who founded the Irish Citizen Army?

A

James Connolly

51
Q

When were the Irish Volunteers formed and why?

A

November 1913, response to UVF

52
Q

How did the Irish Volunteers and UVF respond to WWI?

A

Offered their services - wanted preferential treatment

53
Q

When did Emeline Pankhurst form the WSPU?

A

1903

54
Q

When did Emeline Fawcett form the NUWSS?

A

1897

55
Q

Why was the WSPU created?

A

Frustration at lack of progress from NUWSS

56
Q

What was the WSPU slogan?

A

‘Deeds not words’

57
Q

Who first referred to the women’s movement as ‘the suffragettes’?

A

The Daily Mail

58
Q

When was a petition for women’s suffrage rejected by govt?

A

1904

59
Q

Who was in favour of women’s suffrage?

A

George, Campbell-Bannerman partially

60
Q

Who opposed women’s suffrage?

A

Asquith, most MPs

61
Q

When was the Qualification of Women Act?

A

1907

62
Q

What did the 1907 Qualification of Women Act do?

A

Allowed women to run in local elections and to become mayor

63
Q

When did Asquith agree to a free vote on a women’s franchise bill?

A

1910 election

64
Q

What happened to all women’s franchise bills by 1912?

A

Rejected after first reading

65
Q

When did Pankhurst issue the ‘wild period’?

A

1912 - after a bill was rejected on a technicality

66
Q

What happened during the ‘wild period’?

A

Houses and Churches firebombed, even Lloyd George’s home attacked

67
Q

When was the Cat and Mouse Act?

A

1913

68
Q

What did the 1913 Cat and Mouse Act do?

A

Allowed release of women hunger-striking and later rearrest

69
Q

What did Emily Davison do on Derby Day in 1913?

A

Threw herself at the King’s horse Ammer in Epsom - died 4 days later in hospital

70
Q

By when had the Liberals settled on women’s suffrage?

A

1912 - just needed finalising

71
Q

When was the Representation of the People Act?

A

1918

72
Q

What did the Representation of the People Act do?

A

Enfranchised all men over 21 and all propertied women over 30

73
Q

Who did Asquith appoint Secretary of State for War?

A

Kitchener - Asquith effectively powerless

74
Q

What did Churchill say to do once the war had started?

A

Conduct ‘business as usual’

75
Q

How big was Britain’s volunteer army by December 1914?

A

1million

76
Q

When was the Defence of the Realm Act passed?

A

August 1914

77
Q

What did the Defence of the Realm Act mean?

A

Gave govt power to introduce restrictions upon civilians at any time - rail and docks given to board of trade, income tax doubled in November 1914, press censored

78
Q

When was an agreement struck with TU leaders to ensure wartime cooperation?

A

March 1915

79
Q

Who did Asquith bring onto his Cabinet in March 1915 and why?

A

Bonar Law, Balfour, Lansdowne (Cons) and Henderson (Labour) - coalition govt allowed no election

80
Q

Why was there increased pressure on Asquith to introduce conscription?

A

Shortage of shells on the warfront - George appointed Minister of Munitions yet needed extended control of industry to do so

81
Q

Why was Asquith criticised as a wartime PM?

A

Too cautious, lacked urgency and decisiveness of George; divided the party over divergence from laissez faire

82
Q

How many members did TUs have by 1914?

A

4million

83
Q

What was the ‘triple alliance’ of workers?

A

Miners, railway workers, transport workers. Support protesters

Britain 1865-1915 (11 decks)

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