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CHEM IGCSE > ionic bonding (checklist) > Flashcards

ionic bonding (checklist) Flashcards

1
Q

an ion is

A

an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons

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2
Q

why do ions need to lose or gain electrons

A

to obtain a full outer shell of electrons

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3
Q

Negative ions are called

A

anions

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4
Q

anions form when

A

atoms gain electrons, meaning they have more electrons than protons

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5
Q

positive ions are called

A

cations

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6
Q

cations form when

A

atoms lose electrons, meaning they have more protons than electrons

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7
Q

all metals lose or gain electrons to become positively charged ions ?

A

lose

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8
Q

all non metals ____ electrons to become negatively chraged ions

A

gain

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9
Q

Elements in Group 1 form ions with a ___charge

A

1+

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10
Q

Elements in Group 2 form ions with a ___charge

A

2+

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11
Q

Elements in Group 6 form ions with a ___ charge

A

2-

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12
Q

silver is

A

Ag +

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13
Q

copper is

A

Cu2+

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14
Q

iron is

A

Fe 2+

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15
Q

Lead is

A

Fe2+

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16
Q

Zinc

A

Zn2+

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17
Q

Hydrogen

A

H+

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18
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4+

19
Q

Hydroxide

A

OH-

20
Q

Nitrate

A

NO3-

21
Q

Carbonate

A

CO₃²+

22
Q

Sulfate

A

SO₄²-

23
Q

what is an ionic bond in terms of electrostatic attractions

A

electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

24
Q

ionic compounds form

A

giant ionic lattices

25
Q

giant ionic lattices are made up of

A

many oppositely charged ions held together by strong electrostatic attractions

25
Q

why do giant ionic lattices have a high melting and boiling point

A

because it takes a lot of energy to break the electrostatic attraction, or the bonds holding them together

26
Q

why do solid ionic compounds not conduct electricity

A

because there are no free electrons or ions that can move so cannot conduct electricity

27
Q

when can ionic compounds conduct electricity

A

when molten or in an aqueous solution

28
Q

why can giant ionic lattices conduct electricity when molten

A

because the ions are free to move and so can carry charge

29
Q

The lattices formed by ionic compounds

A

consist of a regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions

30
Q

Ionic compounds are poor conductors in the solid state because (2)

A

The ions are in fixed positions in the lattice

They are therefore unable to move and carry a charge

31
Q

Ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity in the molten state or in solution because

A

When the ionic compound is melted or dissolved in water, the ions are able to move and carry a charge

32
Q

simple molecular structures have low melting and boiling points because

A

the weak intermolecular forces are easily overcome and take only a small amount of energy to break.

33
Q

As the relative molecular mass of a simple molecular structure increases so does the melting point/boiling point because

A

The weak intermolecular forces are stronger in larger molecules because they have more electrons.

34
Q

a giant covalent structure is a ( state) and has ___ melting and boiling point

A

solid
high

35
Q

most covalently bonded substances form

A

simple molecular structures

36
Q

when you melt or boil giant covalent structures, what need to be broken

A

the strong covalent bonds

37
Q

properties of diamond (3)

A
  • very hard (made of strong covalent bonds so hard)
  • cannot conduct electricity because there are no free electrons
  • high melting and boiling point
38
Q

properties of graphite

A
  • high melting and boiling point as it has layers of carbon atoms covalently bonded together
  • weak intermolecular forces between the layers so the layers can move past each other making it soft and slippery
  • has a sea of delocalised electrons so can conduct electricity
39
Q

is diamond a giant covLENT STRUCTURE

A

yes

40
Q

is C60Fullerene a giant covalent structure

A

yes

41
Q

properties of c60fullerene

A
  • low melting and boiling point because there are weak intermolecular forces between each molecule.
  • This also makes it soft.
  • It has delocalised electrons that are free to move around the structure so can conduct electricity
42
Q

do giant covalent structures usually conduct electricity

A

no

43
Q
A

CHEM IGCSE (31 decks)

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