Acids, bases and salt preparations 'checklist dbl'

Question 1

an acid is (terms of proton transfer)

Answer 1

proton donor

Question 2

a base is (terms of proton transfer)

Answer 2

proton acceptor

Question 3

what ions are produced from alkalis/bases

Answer 3

OH-

Question 4

what ions are produced from acids

Answer 4

H+

Question 5

what metals will react with acids

Answer 5

those above hydrogen

Question 6

when a metal reacts with an acid, what forms

Answer 6

salt + hydrogen

Question 7

when hydrochloric acid reacts with a metal, what are the products

Answer 7

metal chloride + hydrogen

Question 8

equation for when hydrochloric acid reacts with a metal

Answer 8

M+ 2HCl —-> MCl2 + H2

Question 9

what happens when an acid reacts with a base

Answer 9

neutralisation

Question 9

when sulfuric acid reacts with a metal, what are the products

Answer 9

metal sulphate + hydrogen

Question 10

equation for sulfuric acid and metal

Answer 10

M + H2SO4 —> MSO4 +H2

Question 11

when an acid and a base react, what happens

Answer 11

neutralisation

Question 12

what type of metals act as bases (2)

Answer 12

metal oxides and hydroxides

Question 13

an acid and a base react to produce

Answer 13

salt + water

Question 14

when acids react with metal carbonates, they form

Answer 14

salt + carbon dioxide + water

Question 15

how can we tell when an acid has reacted with a metal carbonate

Answer 15

from the effervescence of the carbon dioxide gas produced

Question 16

what is an alkali

Answer 16

a soluble base

Question 17

bases are usually what types of metals (3)

Answer 17

oxides, hydroxides or carbonates

Question 18

is ammonia a base

Answer 18

yes, an unusual one

Question 19

why is ammonia a base

Answer 19

it forms hydroxide ions when it reacts with water

Question 20

how do you prepare a soluble salt from an insoluble reactant

Answer 20

• add the insoluble reactant in excess so that all the acid has reacted
• the excess reactant is removed by filtration to make sure only water and salt are left
• water is evaporated by heating until small crystal start to appear (halfway of water evaporated)
• leaves for a few days and crystals will form

Question 21

practical copper sulphate

Answer 21

• add some dilute acid to a beaker and warm with bunsen burner
• add copper oxide and stir until ti stops dissolving
• filter into evaporating basin o remove excess base
• gently heat in water bath to saturate solution
• check if solution is saturated by dipping glass rod into solution and seeing if crystals form on end
• allow to dry
• crystals should be blue