Group 1 metals Flashcards
how many electrons do they have on their outer shell
1
where are they found
group 1
why do they react in similar ways
because they all have 1 electron on their outer shell
what is the common name for them
Alkali metals
what are the most reactive metals in the periodic table
Alkali metals
physical properties (4)
- shiny and silvery
- soft
- conduct electricity
- low melting points
what sets them apart from other metals (2)
much softer, and they have lower melting and boiling points
melting and boiling points increase as you go
UP
density increases as you go
DOWN the group
group 1 elements react with water and give (2)
metal hydroxide and hydrogen
what happens to lithium when in water and what does that mean
it floats and moves around meaning it reacts gently
what happens to sodium when it reacts with water
immediately melts and skims around surface of water reacting quickly
what happens when potassium reacts with water and what does this mean
immediately melts and catches fire (lilac flame), skimming around the surface meaning it reacts vigorously
metals become ____ reactive down the group
MORE
How do we know that the alkali metals become more reactive down the group
by observing how the first three react with water
potassium burns with what colour flame
LILAC
what is added after you react one of the metals with water
universal indicator
why do you add universal indicator after you react the metals with water
it shows that group 1 metals have a pH that is alkaline
what is the state symbol needed for group 1 hydroxide and why
aq
because it is soluble
chemical/symbol equation for the reaction with water
( for potassium for example)
2K(aq) + 2H20 (l) + 2KOH (aq) + H2(g)
they form what solutions when reacting with water (acid or alkali)
ALKALI
other than water, what do they also react with (less strongly)
oxygen
when the metals react, they lose their outer electron and form
positive 1+ ions
what does an electronic configuration show
how many electrons there are on each shell
give the electronic configuration for lithium
2,1
what can be said about their chemical properties, why
they are similar as they each have 1 outer electron
why does reactivity increase down the group
the number of shells increases down the group, meaning the outer electron gets further away from the positive nucleus and it weakens the force if attraction between them,
so less energy is needed to overcome the forces of attraction and the outer electron is lost more easily
the more easily an electron is lost, the ____ reactive the metal
MORE
they become more reactive down the group because :
- atoms have more shells
- attraction between nucleus and outer electron decreases
- outer electron is more easily removed
when they lose the outermost electron and form a 1+ion, the other shell becomes the outer shell but it already is full so they obtain a ____ ___ configuration
NOBLE GAS
