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Endocrine and Reproductive system > Introduction to the reproductive system > Flashcards

Introduction to the reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pampiniform plexus

A

loose network of small veins found within male spermatic cord - begins in scrotum
it helps regulate temperature and allows sperm maturation
countercurrent heat exchange system that cools the arterial blood before it enters the testis

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2
Q

what does the cremaster muscle do

A

raises and lowers the testis in order to control temp

cremastic reflex is stroking the inner thigh

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3
Q

function of seminal vesicles/glands

A

secrete seminal fluid

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4
Q

prostate ( homologous to paraurethral glands)

A

secretion contribute to semen

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5
Q

Bulbourethral glands ( homologous to vestibular glands)

A

secretion contribute to the semen

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6
Q

function of scrotum

A

protect and support testes

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7
Q

what is a hydrocele of the scrotum

A

swelling in scrotum that occurs when fluid collects in the sheath around the testicle

pain and inflammation

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8
Q

scrotal hernia signs

A

bulge and pain

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9
Q

testicular torsion

A

testicle rotates twisting spermatic cord cuasing reduced blood flow and sudden onset of pain and swelling 12-18
abdo pain

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10
Q

undescended testis

A

hasn’t moved down into its proper position

can’t see or feel them.
can have retractile testicle
surgery

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11
Q

function of the Fallopian tube

A

conduit for transport of sperm and oocytes

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12
Q

function of vagina

A

receptacle for the penis, the outlet of menstrual flow and passageway fro childbirth

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13
Q

mons pubis- covers pubic bone - secretes pheromones for sexual attraction
labia majora - folds of skin cover and protect inner structures
labia minora - smooth tissue folds cover opening
clitoris - erogenous zone
vestibule - area between labia minora contains the opening
vulva - the whole thing

A

female sex organ

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14
Q

paraurethral glands ( homologous to prostate )

A

secret lubricant to urethra opening

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15
Q

greater vestibular glands / bartholins gland ( homologous to bulbourethral gland)

A

secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina

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16
Q

vestibule bulbs ( homolog to corpus spongiosum and bulb of penis)

A

function with clitoris

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17
Q

ovarian cyst

A

fluid filled sac in ovaries

can cause pain, tummy bloating and irregular periods

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18
Q

what is tubal ligation

A

Fallopian tubes are blocked or removed

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19
Q

uterine prolapse

A 
pelvic floor muscles stretch and weaken - postmenopausal and more vaginal deliveries
heaviness in pelvis 
tissue protrouding 
urinary problems 
bowel trouble 
loose vagina during sex
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20
Q

hysterectomy

A

surgical procedure to remove the womb

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21
Q

where are structures of the reproductive system derived from

A

germ layers

22
Q

what structure divides into 3 parts
Paraxial mesoderm
intermediate mesoderm
lateral phase mesoderm

A

mesodermal germ layer

23
Q

when do the gonads acquire sexual characteristics

A

6-7th week

24
Q

what is the genital ductal system ?- from mesoderm

A

2 paris of ducts in both Male and female embryos
mesonephric / wolffish duct
paramesonephric /mullerian duct

25
Q

what happens to the ducts in a genetically male embryo

A 
the paramesonephric ducts gradually degenerate 
mesonephric duct forms: 
- epididymis 
ductus deferens 
seminal vesicles 
ejaculatory duct
26
Q

what happens to the ducts in a genetically female embryo

A 
mesonephric ducts degenerate 
paramesonephric duct from: 
uterine tubes
uterus 
cervix of the uterus 
upper part of the vagina
27
Q

fusion of 2 paramesonpheric ducts from what

A

uterus and upper vagina

28
Q

what is the cloaca

A

distal embryonic handgun - endodermal layer - contributes to urinary bladder, urethra and vagina and external gentilaia formation
4-8th week

29
Q

what is the cloaca divided into

A

urogenital sinus

anal canal

30
Q

what does the urogenital sinus contribute to the formation of

A 
urinary bladder 
urethra 
prostate 
urethral and paraurethral glands 
vagina 
external genitalia
31
Q

An outgrowth of the urogenital sinus called sinovaginal bulbs, fuses with the solid caudal tip of the paramesonephric duct.
Forms a solid vaginal plate which later becomes canalised to form
what

A

the vagina

32
Q

when someone loses their viginity what tears

A

hymen

33
Q

External genitalia in what type of embryo
Under the influence of hormones
The gential tubercle forms the phallus/penis
The urethral folds fuse to from penile urethra
The genital ( scrotal ) swelling fuse to form the scrotum

A

male

34
Q

External genitalia in what type of embryo
Under the influence of hormones:
The genital tubercle forms the clitoris
The urethral folds fail to fuse adn from the labia minora
The genital swellings fail to fuse and form the labia majora
The urogenital groove between the urethral folds remain open and forms the vestibule of the vagina

A

female

35
Q

what ligamentous cord controls the descent of the gonads Fromm the 10th throat veterbrae

A

gubernaculum

36
Q

epispadias is a congenital malformation what is It

A

opening of the urethra does not develop into a full tube and urine exits body from abnormal location

37
Q

what is cryptorchidism

A

testes fail to descend from abdomen into the scrotum

38
Q

tuner syndorme is a congential malformation symptoms ?

A 
thick neck tissue 
swelling of the neck 
being a small baby 
heart conditions 
kidney abnormalities - only female
39
Q

testicular infection of cancer spreads to what nodes

A

para-aortic

40
Q

scrotal infection spread to what nodes

A

superficial inguinal

41
Q

when is the genetic sex of an embryo determined

A

fertilisation

42
Q

vascular supply of both female and amen reproductive organs derived from where

A

abdominal aorta and internal iliac arteries

43
Q

uterine artery supplies

A

uterus
ovary
vagina ( vestibular bulb)

44
Q

inferior vesicle supplies

A

prostate and seminal glands

45
Q

superior vesical

A

ductus deferens

46
Q

middel rectal

A

seminal , testis and vagina

47
Q

internal pudendal is the main artery of what

A

perineum

48
Q

abdominal artery gives rise to what

A

epididymis and testis

ovary and uterine tube

49
Q

ureter and uterine artery are close what substance passes under this artery

A

water

50
Q

what nerves enervate vagian and uterus

A

splanchnic nerves S2-4

51
Q

perineum supplied by

A

pudendal S2-4

52
Q

Prostate , urinary bladder , and proximal urethra supplied by lumbar splanchnic nerves T11-S3

A

true

erectile
incontence

Endocrine and Reproductive system (21 decks)

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