Introduction to the reproductive system

Question 1

what is the pampiniform plexus

Answer 1

loose network of small veins found within male spermatic cord - begins in scrotum
it helps regulate temperature and allows sperm maturation
countercurrent heat exchange system that cools the arterial blood before it enters the testis

Question 2

what does the cremaster muscle do

Answer 2

raises and lowers the testis in order to control temp

cremastic reflex is stroking the inner thigh

Question 3

function of seminal vesicles/glands

Answer 3

secrete seminal fluid

Question 4

prostate ( homologous to paraurethral glands)

Answer 4

secretion contribute to semen

Question 5

Bulbourethral glands ( homologous to vestibular glands)

Answer 5

secretion contribute to the semen

Question 6

function of scrotum

Answer 6

protect and support testes

Question 7

what is a hydrocele of the scrotum

Answer 7

swelling in scrotum that occurs when fluid collects in the sheath around the testicle

pain and inflammation

Question 8

scrotal hernia signs

Answer 8

bulge and pain

Question 9

testicular torsion

Answer 9

testicle rotates twisting spermatic cord cuasing reduced blood flow and sudden onset of pain and swelling 12-18
abdo pain

Question 10

undescended testis

Answer 10

hasn’t moved down into its proper position

can’t see or feel them.
can have retractile testicle
surgery

Question 11

function of the Fallopian tube

Answer 11

conduit for transport of sperm and oocytes

Question 12

function of vagina

Answer 12

receptacle for the penis, the outlet of menstrual flow and passageway fro childbirth

Question 13

mons pubis- covers pubic bone - secretes pheromones for sexual attraction
labia majora - folds of skin cover and protect inner structures
labia minora - smooth tissue folds cover opening
clitoris - erogenous zone
vestibule - area between labia minora contains the opening
vulva - the whole thing

Answer 13

female sex organ

Question 14

paraurethral glands ( homologous to prostate )

Answer 14

secret lubricant to urethra opening

Question 15

greater vestibular glands / bartholins gland ( homologous to bulbourethral gland)

Answer 15

secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina

Question 16

vestibule bulbs ( homolog to corpus spongiosum and bulb of penis)

Answer 16

function with clitoris

Question 17

ovarian cyst

Answer 17

fluid filled sac in ovaries

can cause pain, tummy bloating and irregular periods

Question 18

what is tubal ligation

Answer 18

Fallopian tubes are blocked or removed

Question 19

uterine prolapse

Answer 19

pelvic floor muscles stretch and weaken - postmenopausal and more vaginal deliveries
heaviness in pelvis 
tissue protrouding 
urinary problems 
bowel trouble 
loose vagina during sex

Question 20

hysterectomy

Answer 20

surgical procedure to remove the womb

Question 21

where are structures of the reproductive system derived from

Answer 21

germ layers

Question 22

what structure divides into 3 parts
Paraxial mesoderm
intermediate mesoderm
lateral phase mesoderm

Answer 22

mesodermal germ layer

Question 23

when do the gonads acquire sexual characteristics

Answer 23

6-7th week

Question 24

what is the genital ductal system ?- from mesoderm

Answer 24

2 paris of ducts in both Male and female embryos
mesonephric / wolffish duct
paramesonephric /mullerian duct

Question 25

what happens to the ducts in a genetically male embryo

Answer 25

``` the paramesonephric ducts gradually degenerate mesonephric duct forms: - epididymis ductus deferens seminal vesicles ejaculatory duct ```

Question 26

what happens to the ducts in a genetically female embryo

Answer 26

``` mesonephric ducts degenerate paramesonephric duct from: uterine tubes uterus cervix of the uterus upper part of the vagina ```

Question 27

fusion of 2 paramesonpheric ducts from what

Answer 27

uterus and upper vagina

Question 28

what is the cloaca

Answer 28

distal embryonic handgun - endodermal layer - contributes to urinary bladder, urethra and vagina and external gentilaia formation 4-8th week

Question 29

what is the cloaca divided into

Answer 29

urogenital sinus | anal canal

Question 30

what does the urogenital sinus contribute to the formation of

Answer 30

``` urinary bladder urethra prostate urethral and paraurethral glands vagina external genitalia ```

Question 31

An outgrowth of the urogenital sinus called sinovaginal bulbs, fuses with the solid caudal tip of the paramesonephric duct. Forms a solid vaginal plate which later becomes canalised to form what

Answer 31

the vagina

Question 32

when someone loses their viginity what tears

Answer 32

hymen

Question 33

External genitalia in what type of embryo Under the influence of hormones The gential tubercle forms the phallus/penis The urethral folds fuse to from penile urethra The genital ( scrotal ) swelling fuse to form the scrotum

Answer 33

male

Question 34

External genitalia in what type of embryo Under the influence of hormones: The genital tubercle forms the clitoris The urethral folds fail to fuse adn from the labia minora The genital swellings fail to fuse and form the labia majora The urogenital groove between the urethral folds remain open and forms the vestibule of the vagina

Answer 34

female

Question 35

what ligamentous cord controls the descent of the gonads Fromm the 10th throat veterbrae

Answer 35

gubernaculum

Question 36

epispadias is a congenital malformation what is It

Answer 36

opening of the urethra does not develop into a full tube and urine exits body from abnormal location

Question 37

what is cryptorchidism

Answer 37

testes fail to descend from abdomen into the scrotum

Question 38

tuner syndorme is a congential malformation symptoms ?

Answer 38

``` thick neck tissue swelling of the neck being a small baby heart conditions kidney abnormalities - only female ```

Question 39

testicular infection of cancer spreads to what nodes

Answer 39

para-aortic

Question 40

scrotal infection spread to what nodes

Answer 40

superficial inguinal

Question 41

when is the genetic sex of an embryo determined

Answer 41

fertilisation

Question 42

vascular supply of both female and amen reproductive organs derived from where

Answer 42

abdominal aorta and internal iliac arteries

Question 43

uterine artery supplies

Answer 43

uterus ovary vagina ( vestibular bulb)

Question 44

inferior vesicle supplies

Answer 44

prostate and seminal glands

Question 45

superior vesical

Answer 45

ductus deferens

Question 46

middel rectal

Answer 46

seminal , testis and vagina

Question 47

internal pudendal is the main artery of what

Answer 47

perineum

Question 48

abdominal artery gives rise to what

Answer 48

epididymis and testis | ovary and uterine tube

Question 49

ureter and uterine artery are close what substance passes under this artery

Answer 49

water

Question 50

what nerves enervate vagian and uterus

Answer 50

splanchnic nerves S2-4

Question 51

perineum supplied by

Answer 51

pudendal S2-4

Question 52

Prostate , urinary bladder , and proximal urethra supplied by lumbar splanchnic nerves T11-S3

Answer 52

true erectile incontence