Blood groups and Anti-D in pregnancy Flashcards
4 blood types
what other antigens present on blood cells
A B AB O Rhesus antigens
if you have the positive antigens on the blood cell what does that mean the body hasn’t got
the immunoglobulin for it
what blood group are universal acceptors
AB positive
what blood group are universal donors
O negative ( no AB antigens and no rhesus antigens)
positive means
antigens
negative means
no antigens on cell surface
in a test tube if agglutination occurs what does it mean
if blood has the same antigens present as the antibodies in the test tube meaning not compatible
if wrong blood is given what happens
haemolytic transfusion reaction - antibody antigen reaction -aggutinisation
classical pathway activated ( complement system) then makes plasma membrane leaky of RBC via MAC proteins then forms clumps in vessels and acute kidney injury due to blocked nephrons
heamoloysis of RBC
what happens if bilirubin - a product of Hb builds up
jaundice
symptoms of bilirubin problems
The patient may report a “feeling of impending doom”, a burning sensation at the site of the infusion, together with chills, fever, pain in the back/flanks, jaundice and dark urine.
in haemolytic diseases of the new born if a small amount of fatal blood Rh+ leaks from the foetus through placenta in blood Rh- mother will make antibodies when is the mot common time for this to occur
Birth or pregnancy of second child
rupture occurs when placenta off
ABO immunoglobulins too large to fit through
what Is given to mothers who are Rh- mothers with Rh= babies
RhoGAM - anti rhesus gamma globulin - inactivates rhesus antigens before mothers immune system can
what is Hydrops fetalis (immune)
severe swelling in unborn baby or new-born - abrnoaml build up of fluids in the tissue around the lungs, heart or abdomen - haemolytic disease
what other problems could haemolytic disease cause
severe anemia
what is Blood group A compatible with and incompatible with
O and A
B and AB
