Extras Flashcards
Function of primary stimulatory neurones
To stimulate appetite via the release of neuropeptide T and agouti-related peptide
Function of primary inhibitory neurones
To inhibit appetite via the release of POMC
Where is PYY released from
Small intestine
Function of secondary neurones in appetite
Coordinate a response to appetite via the vagus nerve
What is the cause of hyperpigmentation sent in Addison’s disease
Decreased cortisol levels
Main function of aldosterone
Control of arterial blood pressure
What does a phaeochromocytoma secrete .
This is a tumour of the chromaffin cells of the adrenal glands
Catecholamines Eg Dopamine Adrenaline Nor adrenaline
How is an Addison crisis treated
Fluid and cortisol - supports blood pressure
What hormone is released from the antihero pituitary to stimulate cortisol release
ACTH - adrenocorticotrophic hormone
How is primary hyperaldosteronism defined?
Primary hyperaldosteronism is caused by a defect in the adrenal cortex.
What is the main cause of Addison’s disease?
Destructive atrophy of the adrenal glands by an autoimmune response is the most common cause of Addisons Disease.
Which of the following is cortisol bound to in the blood?
transcortin
Common signs and symptoms of hyperaldosteronism
include high blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, hypernatraemia, and the correct answer here, which is hypokalaemia.
Affects of cortisol
catabolism (like increased proteolysis), resistance to stress, anti-inflammatory effects, and depression of the immune system.
Fat redistribution
hypertension
hyperglycaemia
symptom of what disease/syndrome
symptom of Cushing syndrome
What is the main cause of Cushing’s syndrome?
Being prescribed glucocorticoids
Which of these is a symptom of a phaeochromocytoma?
severe hypertension
do renin levels decrease in primary hyperaldosteronism
yes
What is the most common cause of gigantism?
pituitary adenoma
Which of the following correctly describes the route of hormones from the hypothalamus to the pituitary?
Hypothalamus – axons – median eminence – hypophyseal portal system – endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary
can Genetics, insulin concentration and environmental factors can all influence somatic growth.
yes
A mother takes her 4 year old son for a general check-up, where the GP notices he is on the 2nd percentile for his age on the standard growth chart despite being born at the 60th percentile. The mother comments that he does seem a lot smaller than the other children at playgroup, which she couldn’t understand as her other son was the tallest in the class. After testing, the doctors diagnose the child with pituitary dwarfism. What would be the most effective form of treatment?
growth hormone
The HPA axis has the following functions:
Control of the adrenal glands
Function of the thyroid glands
Growth
most common cause of hyperprolactinaemia
prolactinoma - tumour secreting prolactin