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GI > Introduction to the Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Introduction to the Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

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2
Q

What are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa/Adventitia

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the mucosa?

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscular mucosae

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4
Q

What type of cells make up the epithelium of the mouth, oesophagus and anal canal?

A

Stratified squamous

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5
Q

What type of cells make up the epithelium of the stomach, small and large intestine?

A

Simple columnar

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6
Q

What does the epithelium do?

A

Absorbs products of digestion

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7
Q

What type of tissue is lamina propria?

A

Loose, connective tissue

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8
Q

What type of muscle is the muscularis mucosae?

A

Smooth muscle

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9
Q

What type of tissue is the submucosa?

A

Thick, irregular connective tissue

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10
Q

What does the submucosa do?

A

Supports mucosa

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11
Q

Where do you find submucosal glands?

A

Oesophagus

Duodenum

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12
Q

What type of tissue is serosa/adventitia?

A

Connective tissue

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13
Q

What is the difference between serosa and adventitia?

A

Serosa is inside the peritoneal cavity (stomach, small and large intestine)
Adventitia is outside the peritoneal cavity (oesophagus and rectum)

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14
Q

What are the 2 layers of the muscularis externa?

A 
Circular muscle (inner) 
Longitudinal muscle (outer)
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15
Q

What is the function of the muscularis externa?

A

Produces motility for peristalsis and segmentation

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16
Q

Where is the myenteric plexus (Auerbach’s) located?

A

Between the circular and longitudinal layers

17
Q

What comprises the enteric nervous system?

A

Myenteric plexus and Submucosal plexus

18
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the alimentary canal?

A

Vagus nerve

19
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the alimentary canal?

A

Splanchnic nerve

20
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic innervation?

A

Stimulatory (increases secretion and motility)

21
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic innervation?

A

Inhibitory (decrease secretion and motility)

22
Q

What is the main arterial supply of the GI tract?

A

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

23
Q

What is the venous drainage of the GI tract?

A

Gastric to hepatic portal to hepatic to IVC
Splenic to hepatic portal to hepatic to IVC
Sup/Inf mesenteric to hepatic portal to hepatic to IVC

GI (27 decks)

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