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GI > Alimentary Pharmacology > Flashcards

Alimentary Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs are used for acid suppression?

A

Antacids
Alginates
H2 receptor antagonists
Proton pump inhibitor

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2
Q

What drugs affect GI motility?

A

Anti-emetics
Anti-muscarinics (anti-spasmodics)
Anti-motility

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3
Q

What drugs are used in IBD?

A

Aminosalicylates
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants
Biologics

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4
Q

How do antacids work?

A

Neutralise gastric acid, contain Mg or Al (Maalox)

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5
Q

How do alginates work?

A

Form a viscous gel that frats on stomach contents, reduces reflux (Gaviscon)

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6
Q

How do H2 receptor antagonists work?

A

Block histamine receptor, reduces acid secretion

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7
Q

How are H2 receptor antagonists administered?

A

Oral or IV

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8
Q

How do proton pump inhibitors work?

A

Block proton pump (K+/H+ pump), reduces acid secretion

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9
Q

How are proton pump inhibitors given?

A

Oral or IV (Omeprazole)

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10
Q

What are the complications of proton pump inhibitors?

A

GI upset
Predisposition to c diff infection
Hypomagnesaemia
B12 deficiency

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11
Q

Name drugs which increase GI motility

A

Metoclopramide

Domperidone

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12
Q

How does domperidone affect GI motility?

A

Blocks dopamine receptors which inhibit post synaptic cholinergic neurones

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13
Q

Name drugs which decrease GI motility?

A

Loperamide

Opioids

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14
Q

How do loperamide and opioids work to decrease GI motility?

A

Action is via opiate receptors in GI tract to decrease ACh release, thereby muscle contraction

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15
Q

How do anti-spasmodics work to affect GI motility?

A

Anti cholinergic muscarinic antagonists inhibit smooth muscle constriction, producing muscle relaxation and reduction spasm
Smooth muscle relaxants
Calcium channel blockers reduce calcium required for muscle contraction

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16
Q

What are the 4 types of laxatives?

A

Bulk (Isphagula)
Osmotic (Lactulose)
Stimulant (Senna)
Softeners (Arachis oil)

17
Q

How do laxatives work?

A

Increasing bulk, drawing fluid into gut and softening stool

18
Q

What are the issues with laxatives?

A

Obstruction (can rupture colon)

Misue

19
Q

What are the main aminosalicylates?

A

Mesalazine

Olsalazine

20
Q

How are aminosalicylates administered?

A

Oral

Rectal

21
Q

What are the adverse affects of aminosalicylates?

A

GI upset
Blood dyscrasia
Renal impairment

22
Q

How are corticosteroids administered?

A

Oral
IV
Rectal

23
Q

What are the contraindications of corticosteroids?

A

Osteoperosis
Cushingoid features (weight gain)
Increased susceptibility to infection
Addisonian crisis in abrupt withdrawal

24
Q

How do immunosuppressants work in IBD?

Azathioprine

A

Prevent the formation of purines required for DNA synthesis, reduces immune cell proliferation

25
Q

What are the adverse affects of immunosuppressants?

A

Bone marrow suppression
Azathioprine hypersensitivity
Organ damage (lung, liver, pancreas)
Numerous drug interactions

26
Q

How do biologics work in IBD? (Inflixamab)

A

Prevents action of TNFalpha

27
Q

What are the contraindications of Inflixamab?

A

Cannot be used when pregnant, breast feeding, have a serious infection, TB or multiple sclerosis

28
Q

What are the adverse affects of Inflixamab?

A 
Risk if infection 
Infusion reaction 
Anaemia 
Thrombocytopenia 
Neutropenia
29
Q

What drugs are used to control biliary secretions?

A

Cholestyramine

Ursodeoxycholic acid

30
Q

How does cholestyramine work to control biliary secretions?

A

Reduces bile salts by binding with them in the gut then excreting as an insoluble complex

31
Q

What are the adverse affects of cholestyramine?

A

May affect absorption of other drugs

May affect fat soluble vitamin absorption, decrease levels of vitamin K her fore affecting clotting and warfarin

32
Q

How does ursodeoxycholic acid work to control biliary secretions?

A

Inhibits enzyme involved in formation of cholesterol, altering amount in bile and slowly dissolving non calcified stones

33
Q

What are the main gastrointestinal adverse affects due to drugs?

A 
Diarrhoea 
Constipation 
Bleeding 
Ulceration 
Changes to gut bacteria 
Drug induced liver injury
34
Q

What are the risk factors for drug administration?

A 
Age (elderly) 
Sex (female) 
Alcohol consumption 
Genetic factors 
Malnourishment

GI (27 decks)

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