Ano-rectal Conditions Flashcards
What are the common presentations of ano-rectal abnormalities?
Pain
Haemorrhage
Dysfunction
What are the different types of ano rectal abnormalities?
Inflammation
Trauma
Malignancy
Infection
What are the congenital causes of ano rectal abnormalities?
Imperforate anus
Uro-genital fistulae
Hirschprung’s myenteric plexus deficiency
What are the acquired causes of ano rectal abnormalities?
Haemorrhoids Fissure Abscess Fistula in ano Ulceration Cancer Control of continence
What are haemorrhoids?
Vascular tissue swells up filling the anal canal
What are the complications of haemorrhoids?
Pain
Bleeding after defecaetion
Altered function
When are anal fissures classified as chronic?
After 6 weeks
How are anal fissures treated?
Smooth muscle relaxant (diltiazem calcium blocker, glyceryl trinitrate paste)
Surgery
Internal lateral sphincterotomy
What is the primary treatment for peri anal abscesses?
Drainage
What are the complications of peri anal abscesses?
Incontinence
Damage to the sphincter
What are the risk factors for fistula in ano?
Diabetes
Crohns disease
What are the risk factors for anal ulceration?
Crohn’s disease
Malignancy
Syphilis
Nicorandil
