Introduction To IP

Question 1

What analogy is used to explain IP in networking?

Answer 1

IP is like a series of moving vans efficiently transporting large amounts of data, with the network topology being the road and the truck being the Internet Protocol (IP)

Question 2

What do the “boxes” inside the IP truck represent?

Answer 2

The boxes represent TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol), which hold the data and application information.

Question 3

How do TCP and UDP differ in terms of connection?

Answer 3

TCP is connection-oriented, requiring a formal connection setup and close, while UDP is connectionless with no formal open/close process.

Question 4

What type of delivery does TCP provide?

Answer 4

TCP provides reliable delivery, with error recovery, out-of-order message management, and retransmissions.

Question 5

What type of delivery does UDP provide?

Answer 5

UDP provides unreliable delivery, with no error recovery or data retransmissions, and no flow control.

Question 6

In which OSI layer do TCP and UDP operate?

Answer 6

Both TCP and UDP operate at OSI Layer 4, the transport layer.

Question 7

Why would you use UDP for real-time communication?

Answer 7

In real-time communication, there’s no time to stop and resend data, so UDP is ideal because it doesn’t wait for acknowledgments or manage retransmissions

Question 8

What are examples of connectionless protocols that use UDP?

Answer 8

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) use UDP.

Question 9

What protocols use TCP for connection-oriented communication?

Answer 9

Protocols like HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) and SSH (Secure Shell) use TCP for connection-oriented communication.

Question 10

What are non-ephemeral and ephemeral port numbers?

Answer 10

Non-ephemeral (permanent) ports range from 0 to 1,023, while ephemeral (temporary) ports range from 1,024 to 65,535 and are assigned in real-time by the client.

Question 11

What are the port ranges for TCP and UDP?

Answer 11

TCP and UDP port numbers can range between 0 and 65,535

Question 12

What is the difference between TCP and UDP port numbers?

Answer 12

TCP port numbers are not the same as UDP port numbers, even if they use the same numeric value, as they serve different functions.