Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience, Behavior and Social Sciences > Introduction to Child Development > Flashcards

Introduction to Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of development

A

Development of motor, perceptual, language, cognitive, social

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition of schema

A

Internal cognitive structure that provides procedure to use in specific circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Definition of assimilation

A

Process of using schema to make sense of experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition of equilibration

A

Process of balancing assimilation and accommodation to create schema that fits environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition of principles of conservation

A

Properties of objects remain the same despite changes in the form of the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Definition of egocentric

A

Tendency for a child to see everything that happens as it relates to them
Can’t see other peoples POV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Definition of social referencing

A

Looking at facial expressions to make decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Definition of attachments

A

Process of proximity seeking to identified attachment figure in situations of distress for survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Definition of secure attachment

A

Emotional availability, contingent responsiveness from primary care giver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the 3 main properties of child development

A

Sequential
Irreversible
Goal directed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the biological and socoiopsycho properties of development

A

Biological

  • genetics
  • prenatal state and behaviours of mother
  • neonatal birth complications
  • childhood illness

Sociopsycho

  • pollution
  • environment that prompt development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compare the development in medical and behavioural disorders in MZ and DZ twins

A

Common medical and behavioural disorders are more concordant in MZ than DZ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the critical periods

A

Defined periods where appropriate stimulation is needed to ensure development

  • limited time window
  • hard to reverse (plastic brains can learn new skills
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the effects that could affect the develop of both individuals and cohorts of children

A

Historical/cultural factors can affect the development of a cohort

Mental/physical ill health can impact on an individuals developement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 4 stages of child development

A 
Infant (0-2)
Early childhood (2-6)
Middle childhood (6-12)
Adolescence (12-18)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the skills associated with the infant stage of development

A

Attachment
Maturation of sensory perception and motor function
Understand objects via senses

17
Q

What are the skills associated with the early childhood stage of development

A

Locomotion
Fantasy and group play play
Language development

18
Q

What are the skills associated with the middle childhood stage of development

A

Friendship
Skill learning
Understand cause and effect
Team play

19
Q

What are the skills associated with the adolescent stage of development

A

Physical and emotional maturation
Peer group and sexual relationships
Understand abstract thinking

20
Q

Describe how newborns start development

A

Have nerve cells but in an underdeveloped state
Growth and development in an experience dependent way
Perceptual/motor repetoire is initially limited but preprogrammed inborn bias => rapid and ordered development

21
Q

What are the 6 stages of motor development

A 
Sitting without support
Standing with assistance
Hands and knees crawling
Walking with assistance
Standing alone
Walking alone
22
Q

What are the stages of perceptual development

A

Fixate gaze on areas of contrast, active info seeking

Have a preference for faces (4-5months)
Move to scanning the environment

Develop appropriate selective attention (6 years)
-learn which environmental cues warrant perceptual attention

23
Q

What are the 5 stages of language development

A

Preverbal
-vocalisation, gestures and eye movement

Phonological
-no words, more sounds

Semantic development
-words by the 1st year

Syntax and grammar
-speaking in sentences

Pragmatic development
-turn taking, non verbal communication

24
Q

Describe the rate at which children learn words

A

9-13months
-1st words

12-18months
-3 words/month

18+ months

  • 22 words
  • naming explosion 12-20/week

6 years
-10000 words, 5+/day

25
Q

How would you foster language development

What environment is not conducive to language development

A

Promote adult child conversations, promote language input before 3

Heavy television viewing => poor language and reading skills

Development via

  • operant conditioning
  • social learning
26
Q

What are the 4 concepts of cognitive development

A

Schema
Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibration

27
Q

Describe Piaget’s Stage 1 of development (sensorimotor 0-2yo)

A

Initial reflexes via sensory motor schema
Interacts with environment and manipulates objects
Understanding of object permanence

28
Q

Describe Piaget’s Stage 2 of development (preoperational 2-6/7yo)

A

Internal representation of concrete objects, situations
Egocentric
Reasoning dominated by perception
Use of symbolic schema like language

29
Q

Describe Piaget’s Stage 3 of development (concrete operations 6/7-11/12yo)

A

Reasoning involves more than 1 salient feature
Logical reasoning can only be applied to objects that are real/visible
Not egocentric, see other perspectives
Understand principles of conservation

30
Q

Describe Piaget’s Stage 4 of development (formal operations 11/12yo+)

A

Logical thinking of potential events/abstract ideas

Test hypotheses about hypothetical events

31
Q

How would you communicate with a child about their illnesses

A

Depends on

  • age/stage of cognitive development
  • experience of illness (expert in own illness)

Communication with children
-modeling the process (teddy bear hospital)

32
Q

Describe social development in children

A

Early social responsiveness
-specificity towards main caregiver after 1st few months

8 months => separation anxiety and fear of strangers
10 months => social referencing

33
Q

Describe the importance of attachment

A

Basic necessity for survival, first area of brain that develops
Process of proximity seeking to identified attachment figure in situations of distress => survival

34
Q

Describe secure attachment

Why is it important

A

Emotional availability, contingent responsiveness from primary care giver

Paves way for

  • healthy development
  • good peer relationships
  • self reliance
  • good physical health

Allows child to learn

  • that they’re worthy of love
  • others are available in times of need
35
Q

Describe the 3 insecure attachment styles

A

Avoidant
-carer rejects child

Resistant

  • inconsistent carer
  • v clingy child

Disorganised
-inconsistent and potentially abusive carer

Neuroscience, Behavior and Social Sciences (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions