Introduction to Cell structure

Question 1

The external boundary that serves as a barrier, controlling entry and exit of substances

-The site of communication between cells and their environments

Answer 1

Plasma membrane (PM)

Question 2

Segregates the internal structure of the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Answer 2

Nuclear Envelope

Question 3

Cells that secrete peptides and proteins have extensive

-A membranse structure to which ribosomes are attatched

Answer 3

Rough ER’s

Question 4

What are the two main intracellular compartments?

Answer 4

Nucleus and Cytoplasm

Question 5

The nucleus has a subdomain known as the

Answer 5

Nucleolus

Question 6

The cytoplasm has which two sub domains?

Answer 6

1. ) Membrane bound organelles

2. ) Cytosol

Question 7

Synthesize and secrete immunoglobulins and have extensive rough endoplasmic reticulums

Answer 7

Plasma Cells

Question 8

Cytoplasm outside of the organelles, containing soluble enzymes, inclusions (glycogen, granules, and lipids), cytoskeletal elements, and free polysomes

Answer 8

Cytosol

Question 9

mRNA + ribosomes

Answer 9

Polysomes

Question 10

What are the three major structural areas of the nucleus?

Answer 10

Nuclear Envelope, Nuclear Pore, and Nuclear Lamina

Question 11

Double membrane that segregates nuclear contents

Answer 11

Nuclear envelope

Question 12

The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the ER and has

Answer 12

Ribosomes

Question 13

The nuclear envelope encloses

Answer 13

Chromatin and nucleoplasm

Question 14

Contains the genetic material of the cell

Answer 14

Chromatin

Question 15

Contains soluble nucleotides and proteins

Answer 15

Nucleoplasm

Question 16

What are the two types of Chromatin?

Answer 16

Euchromtin and heterchromatin

Question 17

Actively transcribed DNA

Answer 17

Euchromatin

Question 18

Inactive DNA that is highly condensed and usually near the periphery of the nucleus

Answer 18

Heterochromatin

Question 19

The site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and the site of the assembly of ribosomal subunits

Answer 19

Nucleolus

Question 20

The ribosomal subunits consist of rRNA and several proteins that were first synthesized in the cytosol and then transported to the

Answer 20

Nucleus

Question 21

A structure composed of pecific intermediate filament proteins (the LAMINS)

Answer 21

Nuclear lamina

Question 22

Form a dense felt-like area under the nuclear membrane, which helps maintain nuclear structure

Answer 22

Lamins

Question 23

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the nuclear lamins regulate the stability of the nuclear envelope during

Answer 23

Mitosis

Question 24

Results in the break down of the nuclear envelope during prophase of mitosis

Answer 24

Phosphorylation of lamin B

Question 25

Large complex structures (30 different proteins) organized with octogonal symmetry that transport macro- and micromolecular structures in and out of the nucleus

Answer 25

Nuclear Pores

Question 26

Leave the nucleus through the nuclear pore

Answer 26

Molecules involved in protein synthesis (mRNA, tRNA, ribonucleoproteins)

Question 27

Made in the cytoplasm fro mRNA and enter the nucleus through the nuclear pore

Answer 27

Proteins used in gene regulation (histones, polymerases, etc)

Question 28

Contains the cytoskeleton (which forms the structural framework of the cell), cytoplasmic inclusions, soluble enzymes/ions, and free polysomes

Answer 28

Cytosol

Question 29

What are three special types of proteins contained in the cytosol?

Answer 29

Actin, Tubulin, Intermediate filaments

Question 30

Contain filaments called microfilaments

Answer 30

Actin

Question 31

Contain structures called microtubules

Answer 31

Tubulin

Question 32

Similar to nuclear lamins

Answer 32

Intermediate filaments

Question 33

Metabolic products such as lipids (in the form of lipid droplets) and glycogen (polymer of glucose), are not enclosed by a cell membrane and are stored in the cytosol as

Answer 33

"inclusions"

Question 34

The cytosol contains numerous soluble proteins and enzymes involved in

Answer 34

Intermediate Metabolism

Question 35

Particles composed of rRNA and Multiple proteins that are assembled as large and small subunits

Answer 35

Ribosomes

Question 36

The large and small subunits of ribosomes combine with mRNA to promote

Answer 36

Translation

Question 37

Ribosomes attached to the ER will produce proteins that enter the

Answer 37

Secretory pathway

Question 38

In the cytosol, free polysomes synthesize specific proteins that are used

Answer 38

Within the cell (not secreted)

Question 39

Importantly, nuclear proteins that regulate replication and gene expression, such as DNA polymerases and transcription factors, as well as proteins of the ribosome itself, are made on

Answer 39

Free ribosomes

Question 40

Ribosomal proteins made in the cytoplasm associate with rRNA produced in the

Answer 40

Nucleolus