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BMS > Introduction to Cell structure > Flashcards

Introduction to Cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

The external boundary that serves as a barrier, controlling entry and exit of substances

-The site of communication between cells and their environments

A

Plasma membrane (PM)

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2
Q

Segregates the internal structure of the nucleus from the cytoplasm

A

Nuclear Envelope

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3
Q

Cells that secrete peptides and proteins have extensive

-A membranse structure to which ribosomes are attatched

A

Rough ER’s

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4
Q

What are the two main intracellular compartments?

A

Nucleus and Cytoplasm

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5
Q

The nucleus has a subdomain known as the

A

Nucleolus

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6
Q

The cytoplasm has which two sub domains?

A
  1. ) Membrane bound organelles

2. ) Cytosol

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7
Q

Synthesize and secrete immunoglobulins and have extensive rough endoplasmic reticulums

A

Plasma Cells

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8
Q

Cytoplasm outside of the organelles, containing soluble enzymes, inclusions (glycogen, granules, and lipids), cytoskeletal elements, and free polysomes

A

Cytosol

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9
Q

mRNA + ribosomes

A

Polysomes

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10
Q

What are the three major structural areas of the nucleus?

A

Nuclear Envelope, Nuclear Pore, and Nuclear Lamina

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11
Q

Double membrane that segregates nuclear contents

A

Nuclear envelope

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12
Q

The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the ER and has

A

Ribosomes

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13
Q

The nuclear envelope encloses

A

Chromatin and nucleoplasm

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14
Q

Contains the genetic material of the cell

A

Chromatin

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15
Q

Contains soluble nucleotides and proteins

A

Nucleoplasm

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16
Q

What are the two types of Chromatin?

A

Euchromtin and heterchromatin

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17
Q

Actively transcribed DNA

A

Euchromatin

18
Q

Inactive DNA that is highly condensed and usually near the periphery of the nucleus

A

Heterochromatin

19
Q

The site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and the site of the assembly of ribosomal subunits

A

Nucleolus

20
Q

The ribosomal subunits consist of rRNA and several proteins that were first synthesized in the cytosol and then transported to the

A

Nucleus

21
Q

A structure composed of pecific intermediate filament proteins (the LAMINS)

A

Nuclear lamina

22
Q

Form a dense felt-like area under the nuclear membrane, which helps maintain nuclear structure

A

Lamins

23
Q

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the nuclear lamins regulate the stability of the nuclear envelope during

A

Mitosis

24
Q

Results in the break down of the nuclear envelope during prophase of mitosis

A

Phosphorylation of lamin B

25
Q

Large complex structures (30 different proteins) organized with octogonal symmetry that transport macro- and micromolecular structures in and out of the nucleus

A

Nuclear Pores

26
Q

Leave the nucleus through the nuclear pore

A

Molecules involved in protein synthesis (mRNA, tRNA, ribonucleoproteins)

27
Q

Made in the cytoplasm fro mRNA and enter the nucleus through the nuclear pore

A

Proteins used in gene regulation (histones, polymerases, etc)

28
Q

Contains the cytoskeleton (which forms the structural framework of the cell), cytoplasmic inclusions, soluble enzymes/ions, and free polysomes

A

Cytosol

29
Q

What are three special types of proteins contained in the cytosol?

A

Actin, Tubulin, Intermediate filaments

30
Q

Contain filaments called microfilaments

A

Actin

31
Q

Contain structures called microtubules

A

Tubulin

32
Q

Similar to nuclear lamins

A

Intermediate filaments

33
Q

Metabolic products such as lipids (in the form of lipid droplets) and glycogen (polymer of glucose), are not enclosed by a cell membrane and are stored in the cytosol as

A

“inclusions”

34
Q

The cytosol contains numerous soluble proteins and enzymes involved in

A

Intermediate Metabolism

35
Q

Particles composed of rRNA and Multiple proteins that are assembled as large and small subunits

A

Ribosomes

36
Q

The large and small subunits of ribosomes combine with mRNA to promote

A

Translation

37
Q

Ribosomes attached to the ER will produce proteins that enter the

A

Secretory pathway

38
Q

In the cytosol, free polysomes synthesize specific proteins that are used

A

Within the cell (not secreted)

39
Q

Importantly, nuclear proteins that regulate replication and gene expression, such as DNA polymerases and transcription factors, as well as proteins of the ribosome itself, are made on

A

Free ribosomes

40
Q

Ribosomal proteins made in the cytoplasm associate with rRNA produced in the

A

Nucleolus

BMS (62 decks)

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