Cytology Lab 1 Flashcards
The two most common LM stains are
- ) Hematoxalyn (blue)
2. ) Eosin (Red)
What had a thinner section, LM or EM?
EM
What is the theoretical limit of resolution for LM?
0.20 um
What is the theoretical limit of resolution for EM?
0.2-0.5 nm
A barrier between two aqueous compartments made up of choesterol, glycolipids, phospholipids, and proteins
Plasma membrane
Associated with nuclear lamins
Inner nuclear membrane
Continuous with endoplasmic reticulum. Can not distinguish a double membrane in LM
Outer nuclear membrane
We can not see mitochondria under LM using an
H and E stain
The golgi will appear with what type of stain?
Silver stain
With an H and E stain, the golgi is?
Unstained (will be a white region near nucleus)
Structures in the cytoplasm that are formed from the metbolic products of the cell
-non-living components of the cell
Inclusions (Glycogen, Lipids, Pigment granules)
The only inclusion with a membrane is the
Pigment granules
Membrane bound packets of stored products which have gone through the biosynthetic pathway
Secretory Granules
Cells storing many granules are indicative of
Regulated secretion
Light vacuolated appearance is indicative of
SER and Lipid Droplets
We can not see the cytoskeleton under
LM
Form the structural basis of microvilli, sterocilia, and adherent junctions
Actin
Involved in the intracellular trafficking of vesicles
Microtubules
Provide mechanical support for the cell
Intermediate filaments
Under LM, the RER stains
Blue
Lines all surfaces (external and internal) is avascular, and is highly cellular
Epithelium
Forms the parenchyma (secretory portion) of
exocrine and endocrine glands
Epithelium
Functions in protection and regulation of water and nutrient uptake
Apical plasma membrane
Which part of the epithelium provides protection to underlying connective tissue?
Skin
If the epithelium has one layer it is classified as
Simple
If the epithelium has two or more layers it is classified as
Stratified
Stratified in appearance, however, surface cells can be dome shaped or flat and the nuclei are ROUNDED in appearance
Transitional epithelium
All cells rest on the basement membrane, but not all cells reach the luminal surface
-Cell surface modifications (Cilia and Stereocilia) are ALWAYS present
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
If present, should be included in the classification of
epithelial tissue.
Surface modifications and Goblet cells
Supports the tissue and forms the boundary between epithelium and connective tissue
Basement membrane or Basal Lamina
Line blood vessels and ventricles and atria of the heart
Simple Squamous epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium function in
Fluid transport, gas exchange, and lubrication
Located mainly in ducts of glands, covering of ovaries, and kidney tubules. Functions in secretion, absorption, and protection
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Wine glass shaped cell filled with mucus droplets (glycoprotein) which are secreted and function to lubricate luminal surface
Goblet Cell
Stratified epithelium is identified by the layer that is
Closest to surface of lumen
We NEVER find cilia or sterocilia at the cell surface of
Stratified epithelium
In keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, the cell layer closest to the lumen lack
Nuclei
Located in the ducts of sweat glands
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Will ALWAYS have a surface modification such as cilia or sterocilia
Pseudostratified Epithelium
Do pseudostratified squamous and pseudostratified cuboidal epithelium exist?
No
Invaginations of the plasma membrane in transitional epithelium that play an important role in the permeability barrier
Unit Membrane (UM)
Maintains selective passage of substances from one side of the epithelium to the other
Tight Junction
Secretes its product via ducts to the surface
Exocrine Glands
Secretes product directly into blood stream via fenestrated capillaries and lymphatic vessels
Endocrine glands
Composed of relatively few cells and a relatively large amount of intercellular material
Connective tissue (Stroma)
The ECM is made up of which two components?
Fibers and ground substance
Produces both the fibers and the ground substance
-Principal cell of connective tissue
Fibroblast
Mostly collagen with just a little elastic tissue
-Connect muscle to bone
Tendons
Collagen, but with more elastic fibers since we want it to stretch and return to original shape
-Connects bone to bone
Ligaments
Coarser collagen bundles are used for
Tendons and Ligaments
Surround individual muscle cells, nerve fibers, and supporting lymphoid tissues
Fine Reticular Fibers
Fibers are less common and a highly hydrated ground substance predominates
Loose connective tissue
The polyanionic properties of ground substance enable it to hold Na+ ions and water in the connective tissue and thus
Resist compression
Have a significant influence on the passage of materials across connective tissue
Glycosaminoglycans
Provides storage of substances (mostly triglycerides) that can be metabolized to produce energy
White adipose tissue
Functions in thermogenesis
Brown adipose tissue
White blood cells are found in
Connective tissue
Have a great capacity to proliferate in response to
injury. Thus connective tissues usually heal well after injury
Fibroblasts and Mesenchymal cells
The dead components of connective tissues are degraded by
Macrophages
What are the three types of cells that reside in CT?
Fibroblasts, adipocytes, WBCs, and mesenchymal cells
Has a well developd RER and golgi and a long, tapered nucleus
-secretes ECM
Fibroblast
Undifferentiated cells that retain the potential to develop into fibroblasts
Mesenchymal cells
Found scattered throughout loose CT
-not membrane bound
Adipocyte
Has darker pink staining due to increased collagen bundles
Dense CT
All collagen bundles run in the same direction in
Dense Regular CT
Collagen bundles run in all different directions in
Dense Irregular CT
Easy to distinguish because they contain numerous secretory granules
Mast cells
Usually a small cell, mostly nucleus with a rim of cytoplasm
-large collections found in lamina propria
Lymphocyte
Have extensive RERs and their nuclei tend to be shifted towards one side
Plasma Cells
Tendons and Ligaments are made up of which type of CT?
Dense regular
The dermis of the skin is made up of which type of CT?
Dense irregular
Reticular fibers (type III collagen) are found in
Lymph nodes
Macrophages contain many
Lysosomes
Contains numerous fat droplets of varying sizes
-Nucleus is rounded
Brown fat
A specialized white blood cell that leaves the circulation to function in phagocytosis and respond to parasitic infections
Eosinophils
Most common monocyte
-Functions in phagocytosis
Neutrophil
