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IMS > Introduction to blood > Flashcards

Introduction to blood Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of blood

A
  • hydration of tissues & organs
  • delivery of o2 & nutrients
  • fight infection
  • regulation of body temp.
  • distribution of endocrine hormones
  • prevent blood loss
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2
Q

What is the most abundant blood cell

A

Erythrocyte

- function: o2 transport

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3
Q

Why erythrocytes has no mitochondria or nucleus

A
  • to carry o2
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4
Q

Which white blood cells respond to infection

A

All white bc & platelets

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5
Q

Which blood cells respond to allergic reactions

A
  • eosinophils

- basophils

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6
Q

How are wbc activated in plasma

A

By pathogen

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7
Q

What are endocrine hormones secreted by and where are they secreted into

A
  • specific endocrine glands

- into blood —> circulated to remote target

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8
Q

Give examples of endocrine hormones

A
  • insulin (b cells in pan.)
  • sex hormones
  • vasopressin (posterior pituitary lobe)
  • adrenaline (adrenal medulla)
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9
Q

What are platelets

A

Small anucleate blood cells that clump together

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10
Q

What is the blood coagulation pathway

A

Formation of thrombin & a fibrin clot

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11
Q

What is the progenitor that rbc come from

A

Multipotential haematopoietic stem cell

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12
Q

What are the two blood lineages

A
  • myeloid

- lymphoid

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13
Q

What are the types of blood cells tat come from lymphoid

A
  • B lymphocyte (plasma)
  • T lymphocyte
  • Natural killer cell (granola lymphocyte)
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14
Q

What are tej types of blood cells that come from myeloid

A
  • monocytes (macrophages)
  • eosinophils
  • neutrophils
  • basophils
  • mast cell
  • erythrocyte
  • platelets (megakaryotes)
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15
Q

What does blood plasma contain

A
  • components of blood coagulation
  • immune fighting systems
  • 55% of blood
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16
Q

What are blood plasma proteins

A
  • albumin (60-70%) —> contributes to osmotic press. In blood, good transporter e.g fatty acids
  • immunoglobulins —> fight infection
  • fibrinogen clotting
17
Q

What is hematocrit

A

% of blood made of RBCs

18
Q

What is blood serum

A
  • similar to plasma

- blood allowed to clot before centrifugion

19
Q

What does plasma contain that serum doesn’t

A

Clotting factors

20
Q

What determines the different blood groups

A

Antigens on the surface

21
Q

What are the most significantly known blood systems

A
  • ABO

- Rh

22
Q

What does mixing incompatible blood groups lead to

A
  • endogenous antibodies reacting with antigens on RBCs
23
Q

What is AB and what is O

A
  • universal recipient

- universal donor

24
Q

What antigen does A have

A
  • A antigens on RBCs and anti-B antibodies on plasma
25
Q

What antigen does B have

A
  • B antigens

- anti-A antibodies

26
Q

What antigen does O have

A
  • no antigens

- both antibodies

27
Q

What antigens does AB have

A
  • A & B antigens

- no antibodies

28
Q

What does type A blood carry

A
  • type A agglutinogens
  • preformed antibodies
  • Agglutinin B, against agglutinogens
29
Q

What do agglutinins do

A
  • Bind to agglutinogens not carried by host RBCs

- agglutination —> aggregation & lysis of incompatible RBCs

30
Q

What is blood compatibility in terms of RBCs transfusion

A
  • O universal donor

- AB universal recipient

31
Q

What is blood compatibility in terms of plasma transfusion

A
  • AB universal donor

- O universal recepient

32
Q

What does acute haemolytic reaction (blood incompatibility) lead to

A
  • haemolysis
  • hypotension
  • kidney failure
  • DIC (bleeding)
33
Q

What is Rhesus blood groups based on

A

Ion-channels on RBC membrane

34
Q

What determines if someone is Rh +ve

A

Presence of Rh

35
Q

Do RBCs carry Rh agglutinogens

A

No

36
Q

When are agglutinins against Rh-+ve RBCs produced

A

When Rh-negative blood sees Rh-+ve RBCs

37
Q

Explain haemolytic syndrome in foetus in first pregnancy, second pregnancy

A
  • foetus protected by placenta
  • mother not exposed to Rh agglutinogens until childbirth
  • generation of anti-Rh agglutinins (after exposure to opposite Rh)
  • antibodies cross placental barrier
  • born with severe anaemia
38
Q

What is treatment foe haemolytic syndrome

A
  • use anti-Rh y globulin to make Rh agglutinogens

IMS (18 decks)

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