Bleeding Flashcards
how can infection lead to multi-organ failure
- infection
- sepsis-systemic infection
- intravascular TF exposure
- systemic coagulation –> microvascular clots
- consumption of clottign factors –> bleeding
- multiple organ failure
what causes intravascular activation of coagulation
loss of localisation
why uncontrolled bleeding can’t stop
- coagulation factors consumed at faster rate than produced
- platelets consumed at faster rate than produced
what factors does vitamin K help
- factor ii
- factor vii
- factor ix
- factor x
- protein c
- protein s
what do completed forms of factors ii, vii, ix, x and proteins c & s do
- more effective binding of Ca2+ and phospholipids on platelet surface
what are VKA monitored by
- INR –> based on PT assay
- keep blood levels within therapeutic window
what are circulating anticoagulants and what types are they split into
- antibodies that neutralise clotting factors activity
- lupus & factor viii antibodies
what are lupus anticoagulants
- antibodies to phospholipid binding sites on clotting Fs
- prevent factors accumulating on phospholipid surfaces
what are factor viii anticoagulants
- antibodies
- same profile as haemophilia A
Defects in platelet-vessel wall interaction
Von Willebrand syndrome.
Bernard–Soulier syndrome.
Defects in platelet-platelet interaction
Glanzmann thrombasthenia.
Congenital afibrinogenemia.
Defects in platelet granules, secretion and signal transduction.
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
what is haemophilia
- X-linked disease
how many cases of haemophilia are mutations
- 30%
what does haemophilia result in
insufficient thrombin generation
