Introduction/Methods (chapters 1-2) COPY

Question 1

What is a good example of peojective tests

Answer 1

Inkbot tests

Question 2

What are three disadvantages of projective tests

Answer 2

their expensive, a psychologist cant be entirely sure what they mean (two different interpreters of the same response might come to different conclusions), and their sometumes used as evidence in court cases (missused in general)

Question 3

What projective test asks individuas to tell stories about a set of drawings of people and ambiguous events. What does it measure?

Answer 3

Thematic Apperception Test, it measures needs and implicit motives

Question 4

What are two advantages of Labratory b-data

Answer 4

Range of contexts (psychologist doesnt have to sit around waiting for a situation to happen, they can make it happen)

Appearance of Objectivity (the psychologist is gathering info abour personality and doesnt have to take anyone elses word for it)

Question 5

What are two Disadvantages about Labratory B-data

Answer 5

Difficult and expensive, and Uncertain interpretation

Question 6

What are Projective tests?

Answer 6

A personality test that acts the client to interpret a meaningless or ambiguous stimulus

Question 7

Projective tests are based on a theory called the projective hypothesis, what is this hypothesis?

Answer 7

The idea that if a person is asked to interpret an ambiguous stimulus, the answer will indicate the persons needs, feelings, though processes, or other hidden aspects of the mind

Question 8

What is a classic example of a projective test

Answer 8

The inkbot tests

Question 9

What are 3 disadvantages on projective tests

Answer 9

Their expensive, a psychologist cant be sure what they mean, and their sometimes misused (example: used as evidence in court cases)

Question 10

What projective test asks individuals to tell stories about a set of drawings of people and ambiguous events. What does it measure?

Answer 10

The Thematic Apperception Test
It measures needs and implicit motives

Question 11

What are Objective tests?

Answer 11

A personality test where the client is asked a bunch of questions that are true or false, yes or no, or a numeric response

Question 12

Harrison Gough, inventor of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) included a scale called _________, which consists of items that are answered in the same way by at least ___ percent of all people

Answer 12

Commonality; 95

Question 13

What is the projective hyothesis?

Answer 13

The idea that if a person is asked to interpret ambiguous stimuli, the answer will reveal the persons needs, feelings thought processes, etc.

Question 14

What is the most famous projective test?

Answer 14

Inkbot test

Question 15

What are 4 disadvantages abour projective tests?

Answer 15

Their expensive, a psychologist cant be sure what they mean, they have been used inapproperiately (eg. used in court cases)

Question 16

What pojection test asks individuals to tell stories about a set of drawings of people and ambiguous events? what does it measure?

Answer 16

Thematic apperception test (TAT)
it measures needs and implicit motives

Question 17

What are objective tests?

Answer 17

A personality test that cosnsits of questions to be asnwered by the subject as true or false, yes or no, or number scales

Question 18

Harrison Gough, inventor of the california psychological inventory included a scale called __________, which consists of items that are answered in teh same way by at least ___ % of all people

Answer 18

Commonality; 95%

Question 19

What are the three methods used for constructing Objective Tests?

Answer 19

Rational method, Factor analysis method, and Empirical method

Question 20

What is the Rational Method?

Answer 20

The items of the test are directly and obviously rationally realted to what the test developer wishes to measure

Question 21

What is the Woodworth Personality Data sheet?

Answer 21

An example of the Rational test method.
Back in World Wat 1, Woodworth created this test to test soldiers for psychiatric symptoms.
Questions like do you wet the bed? Are you troubled with dreams about your work?

Question 22

For any rationally constructed S-data personality test to work, what four conditions must it hold?

Answer 22

1) each item has to mean the same thing to the person who takes the test as it did to the psychologist who wrote it

2) the person who completes the form must be able to make an accurate self-assessment (good understanding of each item and ability to observe it in themselves)

3) the person who compeles the test must be willing to report his self-assessment accurately and not deny symptoms

4) all the tems should be valid indicators of what the tester is tryign to measure

Question 23

What is Face Validity?

Answer 23

When a test seeks to measure exactly what they seem to be measuring on their “face”

Question 24

What is Factor Analysis?

Answer 24

Factor analysis identifies groups of things that seen to have something in common. Its a technique for finding clusters of related traits, tests, or items

(the property that ties these thigs together is called a facotor)

Question 25

What is the “Factor Analytic Method?”

Answer 25

A method of personality test contruction where items are grouped together on the basis of factor analysis

Question 26

What are the steps to factor analysis

Answer 26

You first begin with a list of items, then administer these items to a large number or participants.

Then you sit down with your computer and do the factor analysis (the items that go together are assembled into groups) and see how everything corrolates

Question 27

What is the Empirical method?

Answer 27

A method of personality test costruction based on comparing answers given by members of different criterion groups, usually a focus group and then a comaprison group

Question 28

What are the steps for the empirical method?

Answer 28

First you need to gather lots of items, and have a sample of participants who are already independently divided into the groups you care about
Then you administer the test to your patients, and then compare the answers given by the different groups.

The last step is cross-validation so it can be ready to use