Introduction/Methods (chapters 1-2) COPY Flashcards
What is a good example of peojective tests
Inkbot tests
What are three disadvantages of projective tests
their expensive, a psychologist cant be entirely sure what they mean (two different interpreters of the same response might come to different conclusions), and their sometumes used as evidence in court cases (missused in general)
What projective test asks individuas to tell stories about a set of drawings of people and ambiguous events. What does it measure?
Thematic Apperception Test, it measures needs and implicit motives
What are two advantages of Labratory b-data
Range of contexts (psychologist doesnt have to sit around waiting for a situation to happen, they can make it happen)
Appearance of Objectivity (the psychologist is gathering info abour personality and doesnt have to take anyone elses word for it)
What are two Disadvantages about Labratory B-data
Difficult and expensive, and Uncertain interpretation
What are Projective tests?
A personality test that acts the client to interpret a meaningless or ambiguous stimulus
Projective tests are based on a theory called the projective hypothesis, what is this hypothesis?
The idea that if a person is asked to interpret an ambiguous stimulus, the answer will indicate the persons needs, feelings, though processes, or other hidden aspects of the mind
What is a classic example of a projective test
The inkbot tests
What are 3 disadvantages on projective tests
Their expensive, a psychologist cant be sure what they mean, and their sometimes misused (example: used as evidence in court cases)
What projective test asks individuals to tell stories about a set of drawings of people and ambiguous events. What does it measure?
The Thematic Apperception Test
It measures needs and implicit motives
What are Objective tests?
A personality test where the client is asked a bunch of questions that are true or false, yes or no, or a numeric response
Harrison Gough, inventor of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) included a scale called _________, which consists of items that are answered in the same way by at least ___ percent of all people
Commonality; 95
What is the projective hyothesis?
The idea that if a person is asked to interpret ambiguous stimuli, the answer will reveal the persons needs, feelings thought processes, etc.
What is the most famous projective test?
Inkbot test
What are 4 disadvantages abour projective tests?
Their expensive, a psychologist cant be sure what they mean, they have been used inapproperiately (eg. used in court cases)
What pojection test asks individuals to tell stories about a set of drawings of people and ambiguous events? what does it measure?
Thematic apperception test (TAT)
it measures needs and implicit motives
What are objective tests?
A personality test that cosnsits of questions to be asnwered by the subject as true or false, yes or no, or number scales
Harrison Gough, inventor of the california psychological inventory included a scale called __________, which consists of items that are answered in teh same way by at least ___ % of all people
Commonality; 95%
What are the three methods used for constructing Objective Tests?
Rational method, Factor analysis method, and Empirical method
What is the Rational Method?
The items of the test are directly and obviously rationally realted to what the test developer wishes to measure
What is the Woodworth Personality Data sheet?
An example of the Rational test method.
Back in World Wat 1, Woodworth created this test to test soldiers for psychiatric symptoms.
Questions like do you wet the bed? Are you troubled with dreams about your work?
For any rationally constructed S-data personality test to work, what four conditions must it hold?
1) each item has to mean the same thing to the person who takes the test as it did to the psychologist who wrote it
2) the person who completes the form must be able to make an accurate self-assessment (good understanding of each item and ability to observe it in themselves)
3) the person who compeles the test must be willing to report his self-assessment accurately and not deny symptoms
4) all the tems should be valid indicators of what the tester is tryign to measure
What is Face Validity?
When a test seeks to measure exactly what they seem to be measuring on their “face”
What is Factor Analysis?
Factor analysis identifies groups of things that seen to have something in common. Its a technique for finding clusters of related traits, tests, or items
(the property that ties these thigs together is called a facotor)
What is the “Factor Analytic Method?”
A method of personality test contruction where items are grouped together on the basis of factor analysis
What are the steps to factor analysis
You first begin with a list of items, then administer these items to a large number or participants.
Then you sit down with your computer and do the factor analysis (the items that go together are assembled into groups) and see how everything corrolates
What is the Empirical method?
A method of personality test costruction based on comparing answers given by members of different criterion groups, usually a focus group and then a comaprison group
What are the steps for the empirical method?
First you need to gather lots of items, and have a sample of participants who are already independently divided into the groups you care about
Then you administer the test to your patients, and then compare the answers given by the different groups.
The last step is cross-validation so it can be ready to use
