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Nutrition > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

what is nutrition?

A

the process by which an animal takes in and utilizes food substances

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2
Q

what are nutrients?

A

any chemical element or compound in the diet that supports normal life processes

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3
Q

what are the 6 CATEGORIES of nutrients?

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. lipids/fats
  3. proteins
  4. vitamis
  5. minerals
  6. water
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4
Q

what is the most important category of nutrient?

A

water!!

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5
Q

what are the 5 nutrient classes, and what do they represent?

A

represent what is required by the body

  1. energy (carbohydrates and lipids)
  2. protein
  3. vitamins
  4. minerals
  5. water
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6
Q

is protein ever fed for energy? why or why not?

A

never fed FOR energy because would be hella expensive, can be used by the body as energy but is not fed for that purpose

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7
Q

what are the 3 functions of nutrients?

A
  1. structural role
  2. energy source
  3. regulation
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8
Q

give an example of nutrients playing a structural role in the body

A

vitamin and minerals help with bone ossification

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9
Q

what is a feedstuff?

A

any material used for feed, an ingredient

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10
Q

what do you combine to make a diet?

A

feedstuffs

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11
Q

describe a diet, specifically

A

mixture of feedstuffs that supplies nutrients to the animal with no timeframe or time restriction

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12
Q

describe a ration, specifically

A

daily allowance or amount of feed provided to the animal

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13
Q

describe a meal, specifically

A

the feed consumed by the animal on regular occasions

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14
Q

what is feeding behavior?

A

what the animal is choosing to eat

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15
Q

what is feeding behavior closely related to?

A

digestive tract anatomy

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16
Q

what are the 3 types of feeding behavior?

A
  1. carnivorous
  2. omnivorous
  3. herbivorous
17
Q

what do carnivores consume?

A

animal-based products, the whole carcass

18
Q

describe the digestive tract of carnivores, very broadlyand why it is that way

A

short and simple tract because they eat highly digestible products

19
Q

what is the only truly carnivorous domestic animal?

A

cats

20
Q

what do omnivores consume?

A

both plant and animal-based products

21
Q

describe the digestive tract of onmivores and why it is that way

A

longer, still simple digestive tracts, still pretty digestible comsumption as they normally don’t eat the super fibrous plant products

22
Q

give 4 examples of omnivores

A
  1. pigs
  2. dogs
  3. humans
  4. chickens
23
Q

what do herbivores consume?

A

plant-based products

24
Q

describe the digestive tracts of herbivores and why they are that way

A

long, complex digestive tracts that are specialized to digest fibrous material

25
Q

give 4 examples of herbivores

A
  1. cattle
  2. sheep
  3. goats
  4. horses
26
Q

what are the 3 ruminant feeding strategies based on?

A

what the animals are selecting to consume

27
Q

what are the 3 typs of ruminant feeding strategies?

A
  1. concentrate selectors
  2. bulk and roughage eaters
  3. intermediate feeders
28
Q

describe concentrate selectors as a ruminant feeding strategy including rumen size and 2 example animals

A

select more nutritious, lower fiber part of the plant like leaves, seed, and fruits
small rumen
deer and giraffes are examples

29
Q

describe bulk and roughage eaters as a ruminant feeding strategy including rumen size and an example animal

A

take in large amounts of low-energy fibrous feeds
large rumen
cattle

30
Q

describe intermediate feeders as a ruminant feeding strategy, including rumen size and 2 example animals

A

can adapt to either concentrate selector or bulk and roughage strategy depending on what feed is available; prefer concentrate selector strategy but can bulk and roughage if need be,
have an intermediate sized rumen
sheep and goats

Nutrition (19 decks)

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