Introduction Flashcards
what is nutrition?
the process by which an animal takes in and utilizes food substances
what are nutrients?
any chemical element or compound in the diet that supports normal life processes
what are the 6 CATEGORIES of nutrients?
- carbohydrates
- lipids/fats
- proteins
- vitamis
- minerals
- water
what is the most important category of nutrient?
water!!
what are the 5 nutrient classes, and what do they represent?
represent what is required by the body
- energy (carbohydrates and lipids)
- protein
- vitamins
- minerals
- water
is protein ever fed for energy? why or why not?
never fed FOR energy because would be hella expensive, can be used by the body as energy but is not fed for that purpose
what are the 3 functions of nutrients?
- structural role
- energy source
- regulation
give an example of nutrients playing a structural role in the body
vitamin and minerals help with bone ossification
what is a feedstuff?
any material used for feed, an ingredient
what do you combine to make a diet?
feedstuffs
describe a diet, specifically
mixture of feedstuffs that supplies nutrients to the animal with no timeframe or time restriction
describe a ration, specifically
daily allowance or amount of feed provided to the animal
describe a meal, specifically
the feed consumed by the animal on regular occasions
what is feeding behavior?
what the animal is choosing to eat
what is feeding behavior closely related to?
digestive tract anatomy
what are the 3 types of feeding behavior?
- carnivorous
- omnivorous
- herbivorous
what do carnivores consume?
animal-based products, the whole carcass
describe the digestive tract of carnivores, very broadlyand why it is that way
short and simple tract because they eat highly digestible products
what is the only truly carnivorous domestic animal?
cats
what do omnivores consume?
both plant and animal-based products
describe the digestive tract of onmivores and why it is that way
longer, still simple digestive tracts, still pretty digestible comsumption as they normally don’t eat the super fibrous plant products
give 4 examples of omnivores
- pigs
- dogs
- humans
- chickens
what do herbivores consume?
plant-based products
describe the digestive tracts of herbivores and why they are that way
long, complex digestive tracts that are specialized to digest fibrous material
give 4 examples of herbivores
- cattle
- sheep
- goats
- horses
what are the 3 ruminant feeding strategies based on?
what the animals are selecting to consume
what are the 3 typs of ruminant feeding strategies?
- concentrate selectors
- bulk and roughage eaters
- intermediate feeders
describe concentrate selectors as a ruminant feeding strategy including rumen size and 2 example animals
select more nutritious, lower fiber part of the plant like leaves, seed, and fruits
small rumen
deer and giraffes are examples
describe bulk and roughage eaters as a ruminant feeding strategy including rumen size and an example animal
take in large amounts of low-energy fibrous feeds
large rumen
cattle
describe intermediate feeders as a ruminant feeding strategy, including rumen size and 2 example animals
can adapt to either concentrate selector or bulk and roughage strategy depending on what feed is available; prefer concentrate selector strategy but can bulk and roughage if need be,
have an intermediate sized rumen
sheep and goats
