Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition > Digestive Tract Anatomy > Flashcards

Digestive Tract Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 types of digestive tracts?

A
  1. monogastric
  2. nonruminant herbivore
  3. modified monogastric/avian
  4. ruminant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the first part of every digestive tract?

A

mouth/beak!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is peristalsis?

A

the type of contraction that propels food to the stomach from the esophagus and other places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

give 4 animals with a monogastric digestive tract

A
  1. cat
  2. dog
  3. pig
  4. human
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which monogastric animal has the shortest digestive tract?

A

cats because of their highly digestible diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

list the flow of the monogastric digestive system (1-6)

A
  1. mouth
  2. esophagus
  3. stomach
  4. small intestine
  5. large intestine
  6. anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what 3 things happen in the mouth of a monogastric?

A
  1. prehension: obtaining food
  2. mastication: breaking down large feed components mechanically
  3. small amount of chemical digestion due to salivary enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the espophagus do in all animals?

A

is just a tube to transport food from mouth to stomach through peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what happens in the stomach of a monogastric?

A

chemical digestion begins as gastric juices that contain HCl frop the pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the acidity of the monogastric stomach do?

A

kills most microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the longest part of the digestive tract?

A

the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what 2 things happen in the small intestine?

A
  1. chemical digestion

2. absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why does so much happen in the small intestine?

A

it is longer so there is more time and space for digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

give 3 organs that contribute to the action of the small intestine and what they do

A
  1. pancreas: secretes digestive enzymes into duodenum
  2. gallbladder: secretes bile into the duodenum
  3. liver synthesizes the bile that is secreted by the pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where does absorption occur in the small intestine?

A

along the brush border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the brush border? what does it do? what animals have it?

A

the combination of glycocalyx and microvilli that increases surface area, providing lots of space for nutrient absorption; found in all animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the villi of the small intestine lined with that contributes to the brush border?

A

simple columnar epithelium, with microvilli that are projections on the apical surface of those epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are and where are glycocalyx found?

A

net-like projections on the microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

give the 3 parts of the large intestine

A
  1. cecum
  2. colon
  3. rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is and what does the cecum of the large intestine do?

A

blind pouch at the junction of the ileum and colon that does microbial fermentation in SOME species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does the colon of the large intestine do?

A

water absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does the rectum of the large intestine do?

A

formation of feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the anus?

A

the outer opening of the digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

give the order of the modified monogastric/avian digestive tract (8)

A
  1. mouth/beak
  2. esophagus
  3. crop
  4. proventriculus
  5. gizzard
  6. small intestine
  7. large intestine
  8. cloaca
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is different about the avian/modified monogastric mouth?

A

is a beak, so no teeth meaning no mastication occurs in the mouth

26
Q

describe the esophagus in a modified monogastric/avian tract

A

widens into the crop then reforms so food can travel to the proventriculus

27
Q

what are the 2 functions of the crop in a modified monogastric?

A
  1. storage (can palpate to see if bird has eaten)

2. moistening of food

28
Q

what happens in the proventriculus of modified monogastric?

A

chemical digestion begins

29
Q

what happens in the gizzard of a modified monogastric? how?

A

mechanical digestion! it is alrge and muscular, and birds swallow grit that gathers there and grinds the food bc no teeth

30
Q

what happens in the small intestine of a modified monogastric?

A

same as with monogastric, chemical digestion and absorption

31
Q

what is different about the large intestine of modified monogastrics? (2)

A
  1. they have two, paired ceca

2. no rectum to really form the feces

32
Q

what is the cloaca of a modified monogastric?

A

outer opening for the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts, one stop shop, all comes out together

33
Q

what is the only point of difference between monogastrics and ruminants?

A

the stomach

34
Q

what are the 4 stomach compartments of a ruminant?

A

reticulum, rumen, abomasum, omasum

35
Q

where does food enter the stomach in a ruminant?

A

at the junction between the reticulum and the rumen (enters both at the same time so neither is really first)

36
Q

what does the reticulum do?

A

traps foreign material

37
Q

what is the most cranial compartment of the ruminant stomach?

A

the reticulum

38
Q

what is often done to the reticulum and why?

A

a magnet is often placed there to prevent metal from puncturing the wall into the diaphragm and causing pericarditis

39
Q

what is the largest compartment of the ruminant stomach and where is it located?

A

the rumen; takes up the majority of the left side of the abdomen

40
Q

what happens in the rumen?

A

microbial fermentation to utilize highly fibrous feeds

41
Q

what kind of relationship do rumen microbes have with ruminants?

A

commensal

42
Q

where is the omasum found?

A

between the reticulum and the rumen

43
Q

describe the 2 functions of the omasum

A
  1. filters by particle size; if too large or not fully microbially fermented will get pushed back for more
  2. SOME water absorption
44
Q

what occurs in the abomasum?

A

chemical digestion; similar to the monogastric stomach

45
Q

what does the acidity of the abomasum do?

A

kills any remaining microbes

46
Q

what are the 3 advantages to a ruminant digestive tract compared to monogastric?

A
  1. can uitlize fibrous feeds
  2. microbes can synthesize amino acids and microbial protein (not the same quality tho)
  3. microbes synthesize vitamin K and ALL B vitamins, so those don’t need to be included in the diet
47
Q

what are 2 disadvantages of a ruminant digestive tract compared to a monogastric?

A
  1. loss of energy from heat and gas production by microbes (gases are carbon based so loss of carbon as well)
  2. conversion of dietary protein to microbial protein can reduce protein quality by altering amino acid composition
48
Q

what are the 2 types of nonruminant herbivores?

A
  1. foregut fermenters

2. hindgut fermenters

49
Q

describe foregut fermenters

A

have an extra stomach compartment for microbial fermentation

50
Q

is there any domestic species who is a foregut fermenter?

A

nope

51
Q

give 3 animals that are foregut fermenters

A
  1. kangaroos
  2. wallaby
  3. sloths
52
Q

what are the 2 types of hindgut fermenters?

A
  1. colon fermenters

2. cecal fermenters

53
Q

describe colon hindgut fermenters

A

have an enlarged colon for microbial fermentation

54
Q

what kinds of animals are colon fermenters?

A

horses/all equids

55
Q

what are the 2 disadvantages of being a colon fermenter?

A
  1. products of fermentation are not as available to the animal because fermentation occurs after the site of absorption
  2. less efficient because microbes have a lower quality product to work with since digestion has already occurred (compared to ruminants where microbes see everything first so have lots of substrate to work with)
56
Q

what is the advantage of being a colon fermenter?

A

higher rate of passage through tract (compared to ruminants whose food can sit up to 48 hours)

57
Q

describe cecal fermenters?

A

have an enlarged cecum for microbial fermentation

58
Q

give 3 animals that are cecal fermenters

A
  1. rabbits
  2. guinea pigs
  3. squirrels
59
Q

list and describe the 2 types of feces that cecal fermenters excrete

A
  1. hard feces: the normal feces

2. soft feces: from the colon and consumed directly from the anus (coprophagy)

60
Q

why do cecal fermenters practice copraphagy?

A

to make the products of their cecal fermentation more readily available to the animal

Nutrition (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions