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2720 - Social Psychology > Introducing Social Psych (1) > Flashcards

Introducing Social Psych (1) Flashcards

1
Q

define social psych

A

the study of how individual’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours are influenced by other people`

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2
Q

other people effect how we

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Interpret events
  2. Feel about ourselves
  3. Behave
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3
Q

give example and explain how others effect how we interpret events

A

The bystander effect

demonstrates how the presence of others can determine the way we interpret an event

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4
Q

give example and explain how others effect how we feel about ourselves

A

social comparions theory

we compare ourselves to our peer to decide how smart, pretty, etc we are

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5
Q

give example and explain how others effect how we behave

A

The presence vs absence of other can change how we act in a situation

Ex - deindividuation, where you lose your sense of self-awareness and identity in a crowd

leads to a decrease in inhibitions

explains mob mentality like fans in large crowds heckling an athlete at a sporting event

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6
Q

Social phenomena are not as _______ as they appear

they are sometimes _______

A

obvious

counterintuitive

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7
Q

why is this social phenomena counterintutive:

“Blowing off steam” - A way to purge anger and feel better also called _______

A

destructotherapy

not actually effective, rather feeds the flame

Venting activates the rewards areas of the brain but still is ineffective

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8
Q

why is this social phenomena counterintutive:

“Opposites attract”

A

Couples are more successful when they share common traits and beliefs

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9
Q

why is this social phenomena counterintutive:

“People’s attitudes are always highly predictive of their behaviour”

A

there are many circumstances in which a person’s attitude is actually a poorpredictor of their behaviour

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10
Q

why is this social phenomena counterintutive:

“Best way to get something off your mind is to suppress your thoughts”

A

Actively suppressing can make you think about the thought more
Best to allow yourself to think about it

eg. dont think of a purple elephant rn

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11
Q

why is this social phenomena counterintutive:

“The more options you have to choose from, the better”

A

Choice overload effect - As alternative choices increases, so does decision paralysis

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12
Q

Common themes in social psych:

We construct our social _____

give examples

A

We construct our social reality

friendly vs flirty behaviour is easily mistaken

Confirmation bias

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13
Q

Common themes in social psych:

Our social _______ are powerful, sometimes perilous

explain/example

A

Our social intuitions are powerful, sometimes perilous

Automatic vs controlled thinking

Ex - gut feelings are not always accurate

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14
Q

Common themes in social psych:

We have a strong motivation to feel ______ about _______

we tend to ______ our behaviour

explain/example

A

We have a strong motivation to feel good about ourselves

we tend to rationalise our behaviour

EX - someones who cheats may say “a lot of people cheat” or “it was just one time”

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15
Q

Common themes in social psych:

_______ can have powerful influences on people’s behaviour

failing to recognize this is know as what?

A

situations

the fundimental attribution error

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16
Q

Darley and Batson good semaritan experiment:

explain the setting/background

A

Had just read the good samaritan story from bible where one dude stopped and helped someone on the road to jerusalem

Were told they would be delivering sermon of other building

Came across a confederate lying on ground in need of help

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17
Q

Darley and Batson good semaritan experiment:

Indep and Dep variables?

A

Independent variable - time pressure
Some told they were late
Some told they had time

Dependent variable - whether or not they helped

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18
Q

Darley and Batson good semaritan experiment:

Results?

A

Those who had time mostly stopped

Those who were late did not stop to be a good samaritan even tho the dipshits were on their way to give a sermon on the topic

19
Q

Darley and Batson good semaritan experiment:

moral of the story?

A

Moral of story - you act differently depending onthe situation/context

20
Q

Common themes in social psych:

_______ shapes people’s view of the world

__________ sense of self vs ___________ sense of self

A

Culture shapes people’s view of the world

Independent sense of self vs interdependent sense of self

21
Q

Experiment at airport (Kim and Markus) - culture shaping our view of the wolrd:

Some passengers were asians visiting us, some white visiting asia

Given the choice of ____ to keep after completing survey

explain experiment and results

A

Given the choice of pen to keep after completing survey (pen was the real test)

4 green pens, 1 different

Americans - unique pen
East asians - majority pen

22
Q

Experiment at airport (Kim and Markus) - culture shaping our view of the wolrd:

what does this study show

A

learned preference for conformity in collectivistic cultures

the desire to be uniqueemphasized within individualistic cultures

23
Q

Common themes in social psych:

Social behaviour is also _______ behaviour

We all share common ______

explain/example

A

Social behaviour is also biological behaviour

We all share common genes

Evolutionary psychology —> human social behaviours are rooted in physical and psychological behaviours that aided our ancestors to survive (nat sel)

24
Q

Evolutionary theory has shown that human behaviours are ________ -found in every culture

A

universal

Eg. Easily recognizable facial expressions, dancing to music,warriness around snakes etc.

25
Q

Common themes in social psych:

________ is a basic human need

A

Interacting is a basic human need

  • Lack of social interaction has devastating effects on our well-being
26
Q

Common themes in social psych:

Social psych’s principles are applicable to __________ ______

how so?

A

Social psych’s principles are applicable to everyday life

At the individual level - health, happiness, relationships

Societal level - prejudice, violence, environmental degradation

27
Q

_______- a set of principles that explains, organises and predicts behaviour and events

Yield testable _______

gains acceptance when alternatives are _______

A

Theory - set of principles that explains, organises and predicts behaviour and events

Yield testable hypotheses

gains acceptance when alternatives are falsified

28
Q

define Cognitive dissonance theory

was coined by _______

A

explains how people react when made aware that they are being hypocritical

Believed that when someone is made aware they they are hypocritical, they will try to change it

Coined by Festinger

29
Q

name that type of study:

describing a sample or population to document their characteristics

Not concerned with cause and effect

What is happening? Not, why is it happening

A

Observational studies

30
Q

name that type of study:

researcher observes and records behaviours without interference

A

Naturalistic observation

31
Q

what is a disadvantage of naturalistic observation

A

harder to obtain consent

32
Q

name that type of study:

analysing content such as media, books, files

A

Archival Research

33
Q

___________ Research - measuring two or more non-manipulated variables and examining the relationship between them

does not prove causation

A

Correlational Research

34
Q

_________ Research - manipulation of one or more independent variable, each I.V must have two levels

Most reliable when trying to prove causation

A

Experimental Research

35
Q

Experimental Research

why is it best to prove causation

A

More control over extraneous variables (things that affect the DV that are not the I.V)

36
Q

Dependent variable usually some type of _______ in experimental research

A

Dependent variable usually some type of behaviour

37
Q

name what type of study was used!

Assessing motivations of mass shooters by looking at media

Many motivated by fame and media coverage

Problem - contagion effect, might fuel others who want the same fame

A

Archival Research -

38
Q

name what type of study was used!

observing how drivers behave in traffic

A

Observational studies

39
Q

name what type of study was used!

tape recording conversations in public places and observing if men or women interrupted more conversations

96% of interruptions were made by men

A

Naturalistic observation

40
Q

name what type of study was used, and explain the study

Zimbardo wanted to see if making people feel anonymous would make when more aggressive than if they were identifiable

A

Experimental Research

Some had name tags, some wore disguises

I.V- whether they were identifiable or not

D.V - the effect of anonymity on aggression while delivering shocks

The anonymous participants gave more shocks / acted more aggressively

41
Q

__________ ____________ - each participant has an equal chance of being assignment to any condition in experiment

Helps cancel out ______ due to individual differences

A

Random assignment - each participant have an equal chance of being assignment to any condition in experiment

Helps cancel out variation due to individual differences

42
Q

define internal vs external validity

A

Internal validity - ensuring that only the IV’s influence the D.V’s

External Validity - the degree to which the conclusions in your study generalise to the rest of the population

43
Q

what problem often occurs reguarding internal and external validity

A

challenging to conduct an experiment in which both internal and external validity are high are the same time

44
Q

when conducting research _______ if also often an issue

how do we know this? what had it led to?

A

Replication

Social psychs tried to replicate 100 published studies and more than 50% did not replicate

Has led to more rigorous experiments

2720 - Social Psychology (11 decks)

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