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2720 - Social Psychology > Chapter 1 (1) > Flashcards

Chapter 1 (1) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is social psych

A

the study of how individual’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours are influenced by other people

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2
Q

_____ do not need to be present to influence our behaviour

A

others

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3
Q

_____ ______ was the founder of social psych

Used his background in ______ to understand things

A

Kurt Lewin
physics

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4
Q

how did Lewin apply physics to behaviours

A

Believed that behaviours functioned in the field of forces they found themselves (just like objects in physics)

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5
Q

according to lewin

_______ = psychological and physical

_______ = a force

A

Forces = psychological and physical

The situation = a force

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6
Q

the main situational influences on our behaviour are the _______, and sometimes just the mere _______ of other ______

A

the mian situational influences on our behaviour are the actions, and sometimes uust the mere presence of other people

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7
Q

The situation intersects with things like our _______ to influence behaviour

A

attributes

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8
Q

what is the main situational influence on our behaviour

A

the actions, or presences of other people

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9
Q

The Milgram Exp:

studied ______ and _______

Participants told this was a study regarding the effects of _______ on behaviour

A

learning and memory

Participants told that they were in a study regarding the effects of punishment on behaviour

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10
Q

The Milgram Experiment:

explain task + role of teacher and learner

A

learner (confederate) tried to memories word pairs

Teacher told to administer shocks to the learner, voltage increased each time the learner made an error

experimenter told P’s to keep going despite concern

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11
Q

The Milgram Experiment:

Despite the learners ______, 80% of participants continues past the _____ volt level

At this point, leaner said he has a ______ ________ and screamed “let me tf out of here”

62.5% still continued to the _____ amount of voltage

A

Despite the learners screams, 80% of participants continues past the 150 volt level

At this point, leaner said he has a heart condition and screamed “let me tf out of here”

62.5% still continued to the max amount of voltage

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12
Q

The Milgram Experiment

is an example of the _______ effectively influencing ________

A

This is an example of the situation effectively influencing behaviour

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13
Q

Seminarians as Samaritans Experiment: (Darlet and Batson)

Asked theology students about their religious orientation and discussed good samaritan story from bible

what task was given to P’s next? what 2 conditions?

A

asked them to go to another building to deliver a short sermon, given a route to follow

Some told they were late, some told they had time to get there

both passed man in need of help on the say

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14
Q

Seminarians as Samaritans Experiment: (Darlet and Batson)

results?

A

religious orientation was clearly no use in predicting whether or not they would help the man

real predictor was whether or not they were in a hurry

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15
Q

People often underestimate the power of external forces and tend to assume (mistakingly) that causes of behaviour can be found their disposition

what is this phenomenon known as

A

The Fundamental Attribution Error

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16
Q

what is disposition

A

internal factor - beliefs, values, personality traits, and abilities that guide behaviour

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17
Q

________ - internal factors like beliefs, values, personality traits, and abilities that guide behaviour

A

disposition

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18
Q

define the fundamental attribution error

A

failure to recognize the importance of situational influences on behaviour

the tendency to over emphasise the importance of dispositions

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19
Q

Fundemental attribution error:

People often underestimate the power of _______ forces and tend to assume (mistakingly) that causes of behaviour can be found their __________

A

People often underestimate the power of external forces and tend to assume (mistakingly) that causes of behaviour can be found their disposition

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20
Q

Lewin introduced _______ ______ to help explain why certain circumstances seem unimportant but have great consequences on behaviour, either facilitating or blocking it

A

channel factors

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21
Q

Lewin introduced channel factors to help explain what

A

why certain circumstances seem unimportant but have great consequences on behaviour, either facilitating or blocking it

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22
Q

lewin compared channel factors to “______”

small _______ that can have big effect on behaviour

A

nudges

small prompts that can have big effect on behaviour

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23
Q

channel factors (nudges) also refelct that our ________ can guide behaviour by making it ______ to follow one _____ than ______

A

our circumstances can guide behaviours by making it easier to follow one path than another

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24
Q

Leventhal study:

showed how to ______ people to take advantage of preventative care

A

motivate

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25
Q

Leventhal study:

Tried to get yale students to get _______ shot

Had them read scary ways people could get _______

A

tetanus

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26
Q

Leventhal study:
most student showed interest in getting it but only 3% actually did

what other condition was applied that made this number go up

A

group was given a map with the health centre circled (they were seniors so keep in mind they knew where it was) and found a time to fit it in their schedule

This lil “nudge” increase the number to 28%

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27
Q

the channel factor (nudge) concept is central to _______ _______

give some other examples

A

behavioural economics

used in politics (voting), economics, retirement place, organ donation, ect

28
Q

when viewing an outlines triangle, people till in the empty spaces with thier min and percieve a white triangle even though its no there

what two things does this relate to

A

gestralt princeple of perception

the construal

29
Q

Gestralt psych

explain the key idea

A

organisms perceive entire patterns or configurations automatically and unconsciouslly, not merely individual components

30
Q

what is the opposite of gestralt princicple, define it too

A

naive realism

perception occurs through an unbiased and direct observation of objective reality without interpretation

31
Q

gestralt psych:

objects are perceived not by means of an ______ perception of objective reality (naive realism),

but by _______ ______ of what the object represents

A

objects are perceived not by means of an unbiased perception of
objective reality (naive realism),

but by active, nonconscious interpretation of what the object represent

32
Q

how does the visual principal of gestralt psych relate to social psych

A

just like for objects, is also true for judgements ofthe social world

they are actively constructed from perceptions and thoughts, not simple readouts of reality

33
Q

our ______ of situations and behaviour refers to our interpretations of them and to the unconcious inferences we make about them

A

construal

34
Q

construal can be described as an individual’s ________ _________ of a stimulus

A

subjective interpretation

35
Q

although it seems as though we understand social situations, we acutally rely on ______

A

shemas

36
Q

define schemas

A

generalized knowledge about the psychical and social world

elaborates sotres of systemized knowledge to understand even the “simplest” situations

37
Q

we tend ot judge ppl on particular person schemas - according to their nationality, gender, religiom, occupation, sorority, etc

this is a type of schema known as

A

steriotypes

38
Q

a schema is a steriotype when they….

A

describe different types of people

39
Q

we process info in 2 ways whem we encouter a social situation

what are there

A

automatic and controlled

40
Q

define autotmatic and controlled processing

A

automatic - nonconcious and systemic, often emotional

controlled - systemic and controlled by deliberative thougt

41
Q

______ processing often occurs before ______ processing takes over

A

automatic

controlled

42
Q

automatic processes give rise to ______ attitudes and beliefs that cant be readily controlled by the conscious mind

associated with _____

A

implicit

prejudice

43
Q

controlled processes result in _______ attitudes and beliefs that we are aware of

these may become _____ over time

A

explicit

implicit

44
Q

Experiment: words presented on a computer screen for one-tenth of a sec, some hostile and some neutural,
they then rated donald

those shown hostile words rated donald lower

this is a test on __________ processing
what does this exp how us

A

nonconcious processing

shows us how various stimuli and situations effect our judgements without our concious awareness

45
Q

mental processing takes place outside of our awareness partly because of _________

concious processes are generally ______ and can only run serially - one step at a time

A

mental processing takes place outside of our awareness partly because of efficiency

46
Q

concious processes: generally ______ and can only run _______ - one step at a time

automatic processes: much ______ and can operate in ______

A

concious processes: generally slow and can only run serially - one step at a time

automatic processes: much faster and can operate in parallel

47
Q

Much of our behaviour and may kinds of _______ processes occur without our _________, sometimes without ________ of even the stimulo to which we are ________ to

A

Much of our behaviour and may kinds of construal processes occur without our awareness, sometimes without awareness of even the stimuli to which we are responding

48
Q

we tend to overestimate how _________ our mental processes are to our consciousness

A

we tend to overestimate how accessible our mental processes are to our consciousness

49
Q

________ theory informs our understanding of human behaviour, just as it does for plants and animals

A

evolutionairy theory

50
Q

Interdependence and independence can also be used to study social class.

Working class people found to be more _________ thanks middle class ppl

A

Interdependent / collectivist

51
Q

we share many universals with ________

we do not share many universals with _____ ______

this supports ______ theory

A

primates

other animals

evolutionary theory

52
Q

the ability to produce and understand _______, and evidence that we are _____ to do so, supports evolutionary theory

we had to learn to do this because in the past we relied on _____ living

A

language, prewired

group living

53
Q

the “_____ ____ _____” also supports evolutionary thoery

A

theory of mind

54
Q

what is the theory of mind

A

the ability to recognize that other people have beliefs and desires

55
Q

evidence that the theory of mind is biologically based comes fomr studying what people

A

people who do not have it, due to genetic defects

eg. autistic ppl

56
Q

Differential ______ ______ of males and females may explain differences between women and men and gender roles

A

parental investment

57
Q

parental investment is the evolutionairy princeples that ______ and _______ are associated with reproduction and nurturing

A

costs and benefits

58
Q

using evolutionary theory to explain behaviour can be controversial because it can uphold the _______ _______

A

naturalistic fallacy

59
Q

define the naturalistic fallacy

A

assuming that if something evolved naturally, it must also be good

the way things are are the way they should be

60
Q

_____ ______ helps us understand what happens in the brain in diff social situations

A

social neuroscience

61
Q

________ (newer part of the brain) is involved in social behaviour

ours is _____ than other ____

A

neocortex

bigger than other animals

62
Q

give some examples of what the neo cortex’s role is in social behaviour

A

allows us to feel empathy for others

gives us self awareness

activates when socially rejected or esteemed

63
Q

Western countries tend to be _________/_______ cultures

Eastern countries tend to be _________/_______ cultures

A

independent/ individualistic

interdependent/ collectivistic

64
Q

_______ - people think of themselves as distinct social entities

_________ - people have less personal control and freedom, and do not want it

A

individualistic

collectivistic

65
Q

_________ - found in asian-amerian cultures, is a social value defined by interpersonal warmth, closeness and support

family relationships and obligations are central to one’s identity and decision-making

A

familialism

66
Q
A

2720 - Social Psychology (11 decks)

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