Chapter 1 (1)

Question 1

what is social psych

Answer 1

the study of how individual’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours are influenced by other people

Question 2

_____ do not need to be present to influence our behaviour

Answer 2

others

Question 3

_____ ______ was the founder of social psych

Used his background in ______ to understand things

Answer 3

Kurt Lewin
physics

Question 4

how did Lewin apply physics to behaviours

Answer 4

Believed that behaviours functioned in the field of forces they found themselves (just like objects in physics)

Question 5

according to lewin

_______ = psychological and physical

_______ = a force

Answer 5

Forces = psychological and physical

The situation = a force

Question 6

the main situational influences on our behaviour are the _______, and sometimes just the mere _______ of other ______

Answer 6

the mian situational influences on our behaviour are the actions, and sometimes uust the mere presence of other people

Question 7

The situation intersects with things like our _______ to influence behaviour

Answer 7

attributes

Question 8

what is the main situational influence on our behaviour

Answer 8

the actions, or presences of other people

Question 9

The Milgram Exp:

studied ______ and _______

Participants told this was a study regarding the effects of _______ on behaviour

Answer 9

learning and memory

Participants told that they were in a study regarding the effects of punishment on behaviour

Question 10

The Milgram Experiment:

explain task + role of teacher and learner

Answer 10

learner (confederate) tried to memories word pairs

Teacher told to administer shocks to the learner, voltage increased each time the learner made an error

experimenter told P’s to keep going despite concern

Question 11

The Milgram Experiment:

Despite the learners ______, 80% of participants continues past the _____ volt level

At this point, leaner said he has a ______ ________ and screamed “let me tf out of here”

62.5% still continued to the _____ amount of voltage

Answer 11

Despite the learners screams, 80% of participants continues past the 150 volt level

At this point, leaner said he has a heart condition and screamed “let me tf out of here”

62.5% still continued to the max amount of voltage

Question 12

The Milgram Experiment

is an example of the _______ effectively influencing ________

Answer 12

This is an example of the situation effectively influencing behaviour

Question 13

Seminarians as Samaritans Experiment: (Darlet and Batson)

Asked theology students about their religious orientation and discussed good samaritan story from bible

what task was given to P’s next? what 2 conditions?

Answer 13

asked them to go to another building to deliver a short sermon, given a route to follow

Some told they were late, some told they had time to get there

both passed man in need of help on the say

Question 14

Seminarians as Samaritans Experiment: (Darlet and Batson)

results?

Answer 14

religious orientation was clearly no use in predicting whether or not they would help the man

real predictor was whether or not they were in a hurry

Question 15

People often underestimate the power of external forces and tend to assume (mistakingly) that causes of behaviour can be found their disposition

what is this phenomenon known as

Answer 15

The Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 16

what is disposition

Answer 16

internal factor - beliefs, values, personality traits, and abilities that guide behaviour

Question 17

________ - internal factors like beliefs, values, personality traits, and abilities that guide behaviour

Answer 17

disposition

Question 18

define the fundamental attribution error

Answer 18

failure to recognize the importance of situational influences on behaviour

the tendency to over emphasise the importance of dispositions

Question 19

Fundemental attribution error:

People often underestimate the power of _______ forces and tend to assume (mistakingly) that causes of behaviour can be found their __________

Answer 19

People often underestimate the power of external forces and tend to assume (mistakingly) that causes of behaviour can be found their disposition

Question 20

Lewin introduced _______ ______ to help explain why certain circumstances seem unimportant but have great consequences on behaviour, either facilitating or blocking it

Answer 20

channel factors

Question 21

Lewin introduced channel factors to help explain what

Answer 21

why certain circumstances seem unimportant but have great consequences on behaviour, either facilitating or blocking it

Question 22

lewin compared channel factors to “______”

small _______ that can have big effect on behaviour

Answer 22

nudges

small prompts that can have big effect on behaviour

Question 23

channel factors (nudges) also refelct that our ________ can guide behaviour by making it ______ to follow one _____ than ______

Answer 23

our circumstances can guide behaviours by making it easier to follow one path than another

Question 24

Leventhal study:

showed how to ______ people to take advantage of preventative care

Answer 24

motivate

Question 25

Leventhal study: Tried to get yale students to get _______ shot Had them read scary ways people could get _______

Answer 25

tetanus

Question 26

Leventhal study: most student showed interest in getting it but only 3% actually did what other condition was applied that made this number go up

Answer 26

group was given a map with the health centre circled (they were seniors so keep in mind they knew where it was) and found a time to fit it in their schedule This lil “nudge” increase the number to 28%

Question 27

the channel factor (nudge) concept is central to _______ _______ give some other examples

Answer 27

behavioural economics used in politics (voting), economics, retirement place, organ donation, ect

Question 28

when viewing an outlines triangle, people till in the empty spaces with thier min and percieve a white triangle even though its no there what two things does this relate to

Answer 28

gestralt princeple of perception the construal

Question 29

Gestralt psych explain the key idea

Answer 29

organisms perceive entire patterns or configurations automatically and unconsciouslly, not merely individual components

Question 30

what is the opposite of gestralt princicple, define it too

Answer 30

naive realism perception occurs through an unbiased and direct observation of objective reality without interpretation

Question 31

gestralt psych: objects are perceived not by means of an ______ perception of objective reality (naive realism), but by _______ ______ of what the object represents

Answer 31

objects are perceived not by means of an unbiased perception of objective reality (naive realism), but by active, nonconscious interpretation of what the object represent

Question 32

how does the visual principal of gestralt psych relate to social psych

Answer 32

just like for objects, is also true for judgements ofthe social world they are actively constructed from perceptions and thoughts, not simple readouts of reality

Question 33

our ______ of situations and behaviour refers to our interpretations of them and to the unconcious inferences we make about them

Answer 33

construal

Question 34

construal can be described as an individual's ________ _________ of a stimulus

Answer 34

subjective interpretation

Question 35

although it seems as though we understand social situations, we acutally rely on ______

Answer 35

shemas

Question 36

define schemas

Answer 36

generalized knowledge about the psychical and social world elaborates sotres of systemized knowledge to understand even the "simplest" situations

Question 37

we tend ot judge ppl on particular person schemas - according to their nationality, gender, religiom, occupation, sorority, etc this is a type of schema known as

Answer 37

steriotypes

Question 38

a schema is a steriotype when they....

Answer 38

describe different types of people

Question 39

we process info in 2 ways whem we encouter a social situation what are there

Answer 39

automatic and controlled

Question 40

define autotmatic and controlled processing

Answer 40

automatic - nonconcious and systemic, often emotional controlled - systemic and controlled by deliberative thougt

Question 41

______ processing often occurs before ______ processing takes over

Answer 41

automatic controlled

Question 42

automatic processes give rise to ______ attitudes and beliefs that cant be readily controlled by the conscious mind associated with _____

Answer 42

implicit prejudice

Question 43

controlled processes result in _______ attitudes and beliefs that we are aware of these may become _____ over time

Answer 43

explicit implicit

Question 44

Experiment: words presented on a computer screen for one-tenth of a sec, some hostile and some neutural, they then rated donald those shown hostile words rated donald lower this is a test on __________ processing what does this exp how us

Answer 44

nonconcious processing shows us how various stimuli and situations effect our judgements without our concious awareness

Question 45

mental processing takes place outside of our awareness partly because of _________ concious processes are generally ______ and can only run serially - one step at a time

Answer 45

mental processing takes place outside of our awareness partly because of efficiency

Question 46

concious processes: generally ______ and can only run _______ - one step at a time automatic processes: much ______ and can operate in ______

Answer 46

concious processes: generally slow and can only run serially - one step at a time automatic processes: much faster and can operate in parallel

Question 47

Much of our behaviour and may kinds of _______ processes occur without our _________, sometimes without ________ of even the stimulo to which we are ________ to

Answer 47

Much of our behaviour and may kinds of construal processes occur without our awareness, sometimes without awareness of even the stimuli to which we are responding

Question 48

we tend to overestimate how _________ our mental processes are to our consciousness

Answer 48

we tend to overestimate how accessible our mental processes are to our consciousness

Question 49

________ theory informs our understanding of human behaviour, just as it does for plants and animals

Answer 49

evolutionairy theory

Question 50

Interdependence and independence can also be used to study social class. Working class people found to be more _________ thanks middle class ppl

Answer 50

Interdependent / collectivist

Question 51

we share many universals with ________ we do not share many universals with _____ ______ this supports ______ theory

Answer 51

primates other animals evolutionary theory

Question 52

the ability to produce and understand _______, and evidence that we are _____ to do so, supports evolutionary theory we had to learn to do this because in the past we relied on _____ living

Answer 52

language, prewired group living

Question 53

the "_____ ____ _____" also supports evolutionary thoery

Answer 53

theory of mind

Question 54

what is the theory of mind

Answer 54

the ability to recognize that other people have beliefs and desires

Question 55

evidence that the theory of mind is biologically based comes fomr studying what people

Answer 55

people who do not have it, due to genetic defects eg. autistic ppl

Question 56

Differential ______ ______ of males and females may explain differences between women and men and gender roles

Answer 56

parental investment

Question 57

parental investment is the evolutionairy princeples that ______ and _______ are associated with reproduction and nurturing

Answer 57

costs and benefits

Question 58

using evolutionary theory to explain behaviour can be controversial because it can uphold the _______ _______

Answer 58

naturalistic fallacy

Question 59

define the naturalistic fallacy

Answer 59

assuming that if something evolved naturally, it must also be good the way things are are the way they should be

Question 60

_____ ______ helps us understand what happens in the brain in diff social situations

Answer 60

social neuroscience

Question 61

________ (newer part of the brain) is involved in social behaviour ours is _____ than other ____

Answer 61

neocortex bigger than other animals

Question 62

give some examples of what the neo cortex's role is in social behaviour

Answer 62

allows us to feel empathy for others gives us self awareness activates when socially rejected or esteemed

Question 63

Western countries tend to be _________/_______ cultures Eastern countries tend to be _________/_______ cultures

Answer 63

independent/ individualistic interdependent/ collectivistic

Question 64

_______ - people think of themselves as distinct social entities _________ - people have less personal control and freedom, and do not want it

Answer 64

individualistic collectivistic

Question 65

_________ - found in asian-amerian cultures, is a social value defined by interpersonal warmth, closeness and support family relationships and obligations are central to one's identity and decision-making

Answer 65

familialism