Intro to Cognition Week 5 Flashcards
What is the process of memory?
You aquire it, store it and than retrieve it as a memory at another time.
What are the types of memory?
Short term
Working
Long term
How do they measure memory?
The may look at ability to recall, a persons ability to talk about a memory while using different types of stimuli
What is the serial position and who developed it?
Glanzer & Cunitz
When a list of words is read to someone they are more likely to recall the first words and last words that were read
What did Ebbinghaus/James discover about memory?
Early systematic explorations of memory
What did Phineas Gage discover about memory?
Case study showing types of memory linked to brain damage
What did 1950s research explore about memory?
Extensively explored and separated STM, WM, and LTM
Why is short term memory so important?
Essential for integrating past, present, and future, starting with sensory memory.
All information begins as sensory input. However, without STM, sensory experiences would be fleeting and disconnected.
What are the types of short term memory?
Iconic: Visual
Echoic: Auditory
What was Sperling’s experiment about memory?
Sperling’s experiment involved showing participants a grid or matrix of 12 letters for a very brief moment.
After the display disappeared, participants were asked to recall as many letters as they could.
In the whole report he wanted them to recall all items, in the partial report he wanted them to recall only cued items.
What were the findings of Sperlings experiment?
Participants usually reported 4 to 5 items out of 12, despite the impression that they briefly saw more
Participants usually reported 4 to 5 items out of 12, despite the impression that they briefly saw more
What was Peterson & Petersons experiment?
Participants were shown a set of three consonants such as “XJQ” or “FVP.
Immediately after the presentation of the trigram, participants were asked to perform a distractor task that prevented them from rehearsing the trigram.
Than after a brief break they were asked to recall what they saw.
What were the findings of Petersons and Petersons experiment?
The Peterson & Peterson study showed that STM has a limited duration when rehearsal is prevented.
The longer the delay, the less likely participants were to recall the trigram accurately.
What does Baddeleys Working Memory model?
Temporary storage for conscious tasks
Interface between perception, long-term memory, and action
Central Executive
Phonological Loop
Visuospatial Sketchpad
Episodic Buffer
Slave Systems
What is central executive in relation to Baddeleys Working Memory model?
Controls attention, task switching, decision-making
