Intro to Cognition (Quiz #6)

Question 1

What are the types of long term memory?

Answer 1

Explicit (Declarative) Memory
Implicit (Non-Declarative) Memory

Question 2

What is Explicit Memory?

Answer 2

Concious memory that includes episodic memory and semantic memory.

Question 3

What is Implicit Memory?

Answer 3

Unconscious memory that includes procedural memory, priming and classical conditioning.

Question 4

What does your episodic memory include?

Answer 4

Personal life events

Question 5

What does your semantic memory include?

Answer 5

General knowledge and facts

Question 6

What does your procedural memory include>

Answer 6

Skills and habits

Question 7

What is priming?

Answer 7

Enhanced recognition of stimuli previously encountered

Question 8

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 8

Automatic responses to stimuli

Question 9

What are the key studies of long term memory?

Answer 9

The Hippocampus Patient (Henry Molaison)
K.C.
Clive Wearing
K.F

Question 10

What was the hippocampus patient study? What were the results/finding?

Answer 10

After hippocampus removal, he could not form new explicit memories but retained skills that were learned without conscious input.

Question 11

What was the K.C study? What was the result/finding?

Answer 11

Patient had a severe motorcycle accident. His episodic memory was completely eliminated and his semantic memory was intact.

Question 12

What was the clive wearing study? What were the results/findings?

Answer 12

Person had severe amnesia with compromised explicit memory but retained ability to play piano (procedural memory).

Question 13

What was the K.F study? What were the results/findings?

Answer 13

Brain damage due to motorcycle accident. Short-term memory but intact long term memory, showing STM and LTM are distinct.

Question 14

What parts of the brain are associated with explicit memory?

Answer 14

Involves the frontal and temporal lobes

Question 15

What parts of the brain are associated with implicit memory?

Answer 15

Involves motor areas, basal ganglia, and cerebellum.

Question 16

What are the different patterns of the serial position effect?

Answer 16

Primacy Effect
Recency Effect
Interference

Question 17

What is the primary effect in regard to the serial position effect?

Answer 17

Items at the start of a list are remembered better (related to LTM).

Question 18

What is the recency effect in regard to the serial position effect?

Answer 18

Items at the end are remembered better (related to STM)

Question 19

What is interference in relation to the serial position effect?

Answer 19

Prior learning can disrupt new learning (Proactive Interference), but new information can reduce this interference (Release from PI).

Question 20

Who completed the studies on memory interference?

Answer 20

Wickens (1972)
Gunter, Berry, & Clifford (1981)

Question 21

What did Wickens’s study find?

Answer 21

Switching the type of information (e.g., letters to numbers) reduces interference and improves recall

Question 22

What did Gunter, Berry, & Clifford find?

Answer 22

As news stories show, switching topics improved recall, illustrating release from PI.

Question 23

What is repetition priming?

Answer 23

Familiarity with certain words enhances memory without conscious recall

Question 24

What is Korsakoff’s syndrome?

Answer 24

Patients lack explicit memory but retain implicit memory, showing different memory systems.