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PSYC-CRITICAL THINKING AND MET > Intro To Cognition (Quiz #2) > Flashcards

Intro To Cognition (Quiz #2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the brain and what is its job?

A

origin of all thought & action
interprets our senses
interprets/regulates internal feelings & needs
formulates a plan to meet needs
directs muscle movements

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2
Q

What does a neuron do?

A

The transmitter of information
All neurons are separate from each other Communicate through neurotransmitters (chemicals)

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3
Q

What are the different types of neurons?

A

Sensory
Motor
Interneurons

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4
Q

What are the 4 basic parts of a neuron?

A

Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
Terminal buttons / Synaptic terminals / Axon terminals

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5
Q

What do dendrites do? Explain what it is

A

Gather signals from other neurons
The cover cell body of the neuron
Close contact with axons of other neurons

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6
Q

What does the cell body do?

A

Maintains neurons and keeps them alive
Can be involved in neurotransmitter manufacturing

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7
Q

What does the axon do? What is it?

A

Sends electrochemical signal
A single long tube
Each neuron has only one axon
Usually insulated (myelin sheath)

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8
Q

What do terminal buttons do? Where are they?

A

Release of neurotransmitter
At the end of the axon
Contains sacs of neurotransmitter substance

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9
Q

What is an action potential?

A

An electrical ‘impulse’ sends a signal down the axon resulting in the release of neurotransmitters.

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10
Q

What are the 3 parts of a synapse?

A

Presynaptic membrane
Postsynaptic membrane
Synaptic cleft

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11
Q

What happens during synapse III?

A

Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft. Attaches itself to the postsynaptic membrane through specialized receptors

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12
Q

How do neurons communicate?

A

Neurons communicate by transmitting action potentials, where the size remains consistent and the rate of firing is also measured
Slower firing for low-intensity
Faster firing for high-intensity

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13
Q

What is specificity coding

A

Neurons specialized to respond to a specific stimulation

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14
Q

What is population coding?

A

firing of a large number of neurons

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15
Q

What is sparse coding?

A

firing of only a small group of neurons

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16
Q

What is hierarchical processing?

A

refers to the way the brain processes sensory information in stages, moving from simple to more complex analysis

17
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

Speech production
If Broca’s area is damaged, you can understand language but are unable to speak fluently.

18
Q

What is Wernicke’s area?

A

Language comprehension
When Wernicke’s area is damaged you speak fluently (though unintelligently), but are unable to comprehend language.

19
Q

Explain the organization of the brain

A

Highly organized, with multiple connections between different areas through pathways
Involving various regions in any cognitive process, where specific functions are linked to other areas that may modify or influence these functions

20
Q

What is the occipital lobe in charge of?

A

Vision

21
Q

What is the temporal lobe in charge of?

A

auditory, memory & emotion

22
Q

What is the parietal lobe in charge of?

A

sensory information & integration of information from different senses

23
Q

What are the functional cortical areas?

A

occipital
frontal lobe
parietal
temporal

23
Q

What is the frontal lobe in charge of?

A

executive” functions
thinking, planning, problem-solving, personality, language & movement

24
Q

Why are the subcortical structures in the brain important?

A

Critical for maintaining the body
Communicating information to/from the body
Sending information between the hemispheres
Sending information to the appropriate brain lobe

25
Q

What is double dissociation?

A

when two related mental processes are shown to function independently of each other.

26
Q

What is the central principle of cognition?

A

Most of our experience is multidimensional.

27
Q

What is structural connectivity?

A

refers to the physical connections between different regions of the brain, formed by bundles of axons

28
Q

What is functional connectivity?

A

how neural groups work together for cognition based on correlated activity

29
Q

What is the left hemisphere of our brain for?

A

language functions

30
Q
A

PSYC-CRITICAL THINKING AND MET (14 decks)

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