Intro To Clinical Neuroscience Flashcards
What is the encephalocentric theory?
Brain is the seat of sensation and understanding
What is the cardiocentric theory?
Brain is the cooling agent of body heat and the heart is the emotional controller
How does the brain work?
Dendrites receive signals that are processed by the cell body and transmitted through axons
What is pareidolia?
Misinterpretation of sensory inputs
What is the biological neural network?
Receptor -> neural network -> effector
What is the computer neural network?
Input image -> convolutional layer -> pooling layer -> artificial neural network -> output
What is localised functionality?
In the brain, one area deals with the hands, one with the feet etc
What is a hippocampal sclerosis?
Structural change
What can hippocampal sclerosis cause?
Seizures
What damage does a haemorrhagic stroke cause?
Localised
How does the X-ray CT work?
X-ray tube rotates around the patient with a detector on the other side
What does MRI stand for?
Magnetic resonance imaging
How does MRI work?
Strong magnetic field causes magnetisation of the protons in water and fat in tissue which can be manipulated by radio frequency pulses to create an image
What does MRI image intensity depend on?
Water content, tissue structure, blood flow, perfusion, diffusion etc
What does T2 MRI measure?
How long the NMR signal lasts
What leads to an increased T2 MRI signal?
Increased tissue water and loss of cellular structure
What is a T1 MRI used to measure?
Degenerative and disease specific changes and developmental abnormalities
Which type of MRI shows grey/white matter contrast?
T1
What does a diffusion MRI measure and for what?
How freely water can diffuse to work out which way the axons are facing
What is a functional MRI used to see?
Blood activity
How do functional MRIs work?
Deoxyhaemoglobin is paramagnetic
When brain is activated it uses more oxygen and glucose, so more blood flow, which washes out some deoxyhaemoglobin which increases MRI signal
How does a PET scan work?
Inject a radiopharmaceutical that generates a localised gamma ray signal and detect it with a ring of gamma ray detectors
What does PET stand for?
positron emission tomography
