Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 2 > Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal Axis I > Flashcards

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal Axis I Flashcards

1
Q

What do we need to reproduce?

A

Correct sex determination and differentiation process
Sexual maturation
Production and storage of sufficient supply of eggs and sperm
Sexual intercourse
Fertilisation, implantation, embryonic and placental development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the hormones released from the hypothalamus?

A

All releasing hormones, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What hormones are released from the pituitary?

A

Stimulating hormones, FSH, LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What hormones are released from the gonads?

A

Oestradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) in females

Testosterone in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system?

A

Kisspeptin acts on the GnRH neurones to produce GnRH, which acts on the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH into circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the neurones that produce kisspeptin?

A

Arcuate (ARC) nucleus and the anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nucleus of the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does kisspeptin act?

A

Upstream of GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does kisspeptin start and what is it cleaved down into?

A

Preprokisspeptin

Kisspeptin-54 -> Kp-14, -13 or -10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of kisspeptin is favoured for in vivo clinical studies and why?

A

Kp-54

It’s the most efficient at crossing the blood-brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of kisspeptin is favoured for in vitro clinical studies and why?

A

Kp-10

Cheaper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is GnRH synthesised and secreted from?

A

GnRH neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What neurones control the pulsatile secretion of GnRH?

A

Arcuate (ARC) and medial preoptic (MPN) nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the ARC and MPN nuclei collectively known as?

A

The parvocellular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How often is GnRH secreted?

A

Every 30 - 120 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of pulse frequency favours FSH release?

A

Slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of pulse frequency favours LH release?

A

Fast

17
Q

What does continuous GnRH cause?

A

Cessation of response

18
Q

What are the clinical uses of GnRH and their analogues?

A

Ovulation induction and IVF, prostate cancer, ovarian and endometrial cancers, breast cancer, endometriosis, PCOS and uterine fibroids

19
Q

What type of molecule are LH and FSH?

A

Heterodimer peptides

20
Q

What are the common and hormone specific subunits of LH and FSH?

A

Alpha subunits are common and beta subunits are hormone-specific

21
Q

What are required for the biological function of LH and FSH?

A

N-linked carbohydrate side chains

22
Q

Which hormone subunits are synthesised in excess and which are the limiting factor?

A

Alpha subunits are synthesised in excess and beta are limiting

23
Q

Do LH and FSH require pulsatility to function?

A

No but they do need it to be released

24
Q

What is the function of LH in males?

A

Stimulates leydig cells to synthesise androgens

25
Q

What is the function of LH in females?

A

Theca cell androgen synthesis
ovulation
progesterone production in the corpus luteum

26
Q

What is the function of FSH in males?

A

Regulation of the Sertoli cell metabolism

27
Q

What is the function of FSH in females?

A

Follicular maturation and granulosa cell oestrogen synthesis

28
Q

Where are leydig cells found and what do they do?

A

In the interstitial cells between the seminiferous tubules

Produce testosterone

29
Q

Where are Sertoli cells found and what do they do?

A

In the seminiferous tubules

Spermatogenesis

30
Q

Where are theca cells found and what do they do?

A

In the lining of the antral follicle

Produce androgens

31
Q

Where are granulosa cells found and what do they do?

A

Immediately surrounding the oocyte

Produce oestrogen

32
Q

Where is the corpus luteum found and what does it do?

A

Has both LHR and FSHR to produce progesterone and oestrogen in the Luteal phase

33
Q

What does +ve feedback of oestrogens trigger?

A

Ovulation

34
Q

What are some examples of oestrogens?

A

Oestradiol and oestrone

35
Q

When are oestrogens secreted?

A

Folliculogenesis

36
Q

What are androgens important in?

A

Spermatogenesis

37
Q

What are some examples of androgens?

A

Androstenedione
Testosterone
Dihydrotestosterone

38
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Prepares the uterus for egg implantation and maintains conditions needed for the early stages of pregnancy

Physiology 2 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions