Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology 2 > Effect Of The Environment On Skin > Flashcards

Effect Of The Environment On Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What does sunburn look like?

A

Red, blotchy, blisters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does Polymorphic light eruption look like?

A

A red, raised rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do Wrinkles due to solar elasticity look like?

A

Just very very wrinkly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do Solar lentigos look like?

A

Dark spots on skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do Solar keratoses look like?

A

Dark raised spots on skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does paronychia look like?

A

Gross nail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does Tinea capitis look like?

A

Patchy hair loss on scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does Impetigo look like?

A

Red patch with broken skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does cellulitis look like?

A

Big red patch under the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why might extensive epidermal damage cause death?

A

Dehydration and shock, infection, heat loss and hypo- or hyperthermia, protein loss, electrolyte imbalance, high-output cardiac failure and renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is toxic epidermal necrolysis?

A

Detachment of the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What causes toxic epidermal necrolysis?

A

Rare adverse drug reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What sorts of things can be environmental ‘insults’?

A

Irradiation and UV light, microbes, ectoparasites, allergens, irritants, physical trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What protects the skin from drying out?

A

Waterproof and oil secreted from sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What protects the skin from friction or impact?

A

Thick, regenerating epidermis, keratin, nails, wavy border between epidermis and dermis, collagen fibres in dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What protects the skin from heat?

A

Sweating and vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What protects the skin from cold?

A

Subcutaneous fat, adaptable blood supply and head hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What protects the skin from injury and burns?

A

Thick, regenerating epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What protects the skin from radiation/sunlight?

A

Thick epidermis and melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What protects the skin from infections?

A

Impervious epidermis, resident cells of the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is hyperkeratosis?

A

Thickening of stratum corneum with rubbing or pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are arteriovenous shunts?

A

Anastomoses between arterioles and venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where do you have a lot of arteriovenous shunts?

A

Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do arteriovenous shunts in the dermis respond to?

A

Thermoreceptors in the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What happens if the arteriovenous shunts are shut off for too long?
Frostbite
26
What does melanin do?
Protects the skin against DNA damage and therefore skin cancer
27
What do melanocytes do in response to lots of sunlight?
Increase activity- make and transmit more melanin
28
What does MSH stand for?
melanocyte stimulating hormone
29
How does UV exposure increase activity of melanocytes?
UV radiation damages DNA in the basal keratinocyte, which stimulates MSH release. MSH binds to MC1R which triggers signalling that increases the transcription of components that can increase melanin synthesis and transfer
30
What cell type protects the skin against microorganisms?
Langerhans calls
31
What is the function of langerhans cells?
Antigen presenting cells that form a network in the epidermis that is part of the immune system
32
What is lichenification?
More extreme form of hyperkeratosis
33
What is lichenification caused by?
Reaction to excessive rubbing or scratching/ skin conditions
34
What are the three types of UV radiation?
UVA, UVB, UVC
35
Which type of UV radiation is blocked by the ozone layer?
UVC
36
Which UV radiation has the longest wavelength?
UVA
37
What is polymorphic light eruption?
An allergic reaction to light
38
What is wrinkles- solar elasticity caused by?
Over exposure to sun
39
What are naevi?
Benign proliferation of melanocytes
40
When do naevi become a risk factor for melanoma?
When they are many or large
41
What is the clinical term for freckles?
Ephelides
42
What are solar keratoses?
Dysplasic growth of keratinocytes
43
What are the two types of skin cancer?
melanoma and non-melanoma
44
What are the two types of non-melanoma skin cancer?
Squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma
45
Which is the more dangerous type of skin cancer?
Melanoma
46
Why is UV radiation good?
Needed for vitamin D3 production in the sun and can be used as a treatment for skin conditions like vitiligo or psoriasis
47
What is damaged in a 1st degree burn?
Just the epidermis
48
What is damaged in a 2nd degree burn?
Epidermis and top bit of dermis
49
What is damaged in a 3rd degree burn?
Entire dermis and epidermis
50
What does a 3rd degree burn result in?
Scarring and loss of sensation
51
What causes irritant contact dermatitis?
Too much exposure to a substance
52
What can be the symptoms of irritant contact dermatitis?
Redness, itching, swelling, blistering and/or scaling
53
What is allergen contact dermatitis?
Allergy to something that contacts the skin
54
What is the difference between irritant and allergen contact dermatitis?
Allergen involves the immune system
55
What are the symptoms of allergen contact dermatitis?
Redness, itching, swelling, blistering and/or weeping
56
How does allergen contact dermatitis develop?
Sensitisation first: langerhans cells process antigen and present to lymphocytes, then delayed hypersensitivity occurs at the next exposure
57
What is paronychia?
Nail fold infection
58
What causes paronychia?
Bacterial or fungal
59
What is tinea capitis?
Scalp ringworm
60
What causes tinea capitis?
Fungus
61
What is impetigo?
Bacterial breaking of the skin
62
What is cellulitis?
Bacterial skin infection
63
Where is the portal of entry for skin microorganisms?
Breach in the epidermis

Physiology 2 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions