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SG 3 BACTERIOLOGY > INTRO TO BACT > Flashcards

INTRO TO BACT Flashcards

1
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

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2
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

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3
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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4
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

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5
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

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6
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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7
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

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8
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

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9
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

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10
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

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11
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

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3
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5
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12
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

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13
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

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14
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

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15
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

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16
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

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17
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

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18
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

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19
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

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3
4
5
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20
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

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21
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

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22
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

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23
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

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24
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

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25
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

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26
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

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27
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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28
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

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29
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

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30
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

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31
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

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2
3
4
5
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32
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

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3
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34
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

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5
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35
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

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36
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

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37
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

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3
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38
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

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39
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

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5
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40
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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41
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

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43
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

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44
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

How well did you know this?
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Not at all
2
3
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5
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45
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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46
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

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3
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5
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47
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

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48
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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1
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2
3
4
5
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49
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

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3
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50
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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51
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

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1
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2
3
4
5
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52
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

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1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

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1
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2
3
4
5
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64
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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65
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

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68
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

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3
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5
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69
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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2
3
4
5
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70
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

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2
3
4
5
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71
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

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1
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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

How well did you know this?
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2
3
4
5
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89
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

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2
3
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5
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90
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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2
3
4
5
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91
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

How well did you know this?
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Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

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2
3
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5
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106
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

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5
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107
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

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109
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

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110
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

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111
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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112
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

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113
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

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114
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

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115
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

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116
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

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117
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

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118
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

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119
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

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120
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

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121
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

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122
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

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123
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

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124
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

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5
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125
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

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126
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

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127
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

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128
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

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129
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

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5
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130
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

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131
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

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132
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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133
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

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134
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

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135
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

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136
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

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137
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

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2
3
4
5
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138
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

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139
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

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140
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

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141
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

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142
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

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2
3
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5
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143
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

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2
3
4
5
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144
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

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145
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

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2
3
4
5
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146
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

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147
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

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148
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

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149
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

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150
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

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5
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151
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

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152
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

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153
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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154
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

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155
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

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156
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

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5
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157
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

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3
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5
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158
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

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2
3
4
5
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159
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

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3
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5
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160
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

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161
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

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162
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

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3
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163
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

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2
3
4
5
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164
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

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2
3
4
5
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165
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

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5
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166
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

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1
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2
3
4
5
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167
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

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168
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

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169
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

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170
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

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5
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171
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

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3
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5
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172
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

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173
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

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174
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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175
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

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176
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

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177
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

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5
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178
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

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3
4
5
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179
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

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2
3
4
5
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180
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

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2
3
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5
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181
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

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5
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182
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

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183
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

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2
3
4
5
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184
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

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1
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2
3
4
5
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185
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

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1
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2
3
4
5
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186
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

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2
3
4
5
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187
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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188
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

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2
3
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5
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189
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

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190
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

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191
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

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2
3
4
5
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192
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

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2
3
4
5
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193
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

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194
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

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195
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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196
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

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197
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

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5
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198
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

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2
3
4
5
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199
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
200
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
201
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
202
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

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3
4
5
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203
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

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3
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204
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
205
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
206
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

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1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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207
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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208
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
209
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

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3
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210
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

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211
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

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212
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

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2
3
4
5
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213
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

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5
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214
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

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215
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

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216
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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217
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

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218
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

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219
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

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220
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

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221
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

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222
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

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223
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

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224
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

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225
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

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226
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

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227
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

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228
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

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229
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

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230
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

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231
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

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232
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

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233
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

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234
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

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235
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

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236
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

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237
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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238
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

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239
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

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240
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

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241
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

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242
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

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243
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

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244
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

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245
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

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246
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

247
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

248
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

249
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

250
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

251
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

252
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

253
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

254
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

255
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

256
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

257
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

258
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

259
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

260
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

261
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

262
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

263
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

264
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

265
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

266
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

267
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

268
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

269
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

270
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

271
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

272
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

273
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

274
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

275
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

276
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

277
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

278
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

279
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

280
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

281
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

282
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

283
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

284
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

285
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

286
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

287
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

288
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

289
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

290
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

291
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

292
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

293
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

294
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

295
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

296
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

297
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

298
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

299
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

300
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

301
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

302
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

303
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

304
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

305
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

306
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

307
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

308
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

309
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

310
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

311
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

312
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

313
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

314
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

315
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

316
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

317
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

318
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

319
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

320
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

321
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

322
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

323
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

324
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

325
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

326
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

327
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

328
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

329
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

330
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

331
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

332
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

333
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

334
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

335
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

336
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

337
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

338
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

339
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

340
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

341
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

342
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

343
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

344
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

345
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

346
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

347
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

348
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

349
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

350
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

351
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

352
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

353
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

354
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

355
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

356
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

357
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

358
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

359
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

360
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

361
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

362
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

363
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

364
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

365
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

366
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

367
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

368
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

369
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

370
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

371
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

372
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

373
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

374
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

375
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

376
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

377
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

378
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

379
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

380
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

381
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

382
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

383
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

384
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

385
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

386
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

387
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

388
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

389
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

390
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

391
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

392
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

393
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

394
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

395
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

396
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

397
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

398
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

399
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

400
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

401
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

402
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

403
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

404
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

405
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

406
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

407
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

408
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

409
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

410
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

411
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

412
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

413
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

414
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

415
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

416
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

417
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

418
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

419
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

420
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

421
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

422
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

423
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

424
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

425
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

426
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

427
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

428
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

429
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

430
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

431
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

432
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

433
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

434
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

435
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

436
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

437
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

438
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

439
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

440
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

441
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

442
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

443
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

444
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

445
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

446
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

447
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

448
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

449
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

450
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

451
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

452
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

453
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

454
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

455
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

456
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

457
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

458
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

459
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

460
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

461
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

462
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

463
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

464
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

465
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

466
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

467
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

468
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

469
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

470
Q

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

A
  1. LACK TRUE MEMBRANE BOUND NUCLEUS
  2. SINGLE HAPLOID CIRCULAR CHROMOSOME
  3. REPLICATION OF BINARY FISSION
  4. MAY CONTAIN PLASMIDS(EXTRACHROMOSAL DNA).
471
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

472
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

473
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

474
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

475
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

476
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

477
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

478
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

479
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

480
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

481
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

482
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

483
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

484
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

485
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

486
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

487
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

488
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

489
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

490
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

491
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

492
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

493
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

494
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

495
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

496
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

497
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

498
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

499
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

500
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

501
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

502
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

503
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

504
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

505
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

506
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

507
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

508
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

509
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

510
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

511
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

512
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

513
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

514
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

515
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

516
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

517
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

518
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

519
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

520
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

521
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

522
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

523
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

524
Q

BACTERIAL CAPSULE

A

VIRULENCE FACTOR
NUTRIENT RESERVE
ATTACHMENT TO HOST
PROTECTION AGAINST ENVIRONMENT AND PHAGOCYTOSIS

525
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

526
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

527
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

528
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

529
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

530
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

531
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

532
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

533
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

534
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

535
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

536
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

537
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

538
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

539
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

540
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

541
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

542
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

543
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

544
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

545
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

546
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

547
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

548
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

549
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

550
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

551
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

552
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

553
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

554
Q

DETECTION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

SEROLOGY DETECTS HUMORAL IMMUNITY

DETECTION OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

555
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

556
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

557
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

558
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

559
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

560
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

561
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

562
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

563
Q

DRIVERS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

A

ANTIBIOTICS
BIOCIDES
METALS
GENES

564
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

565
Q

SPORULATION

A

FORMATION OF SPORES FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS DURING UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

566
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

567
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

568
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

569
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

570
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

571
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

572
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

573
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

574
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

575
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

576
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

577
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

578
Q

ENDOTOXINS

A

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL WALL THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION

579
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

580
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

581
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

582
Q

DIRECT MICROSCOPY YOU CAN IDENTITY

A

OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
MORPHOLOGY
HOST CELLULAR RESPONSE

583
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

584
Q

COSELECTION

A

SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANCE GENES WHEN 1 IS SELECTED

585
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

586
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

587
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

588
Q

MAXIMAL STATIONARY PHASE

A

BALANCE BETWEEN SLOW MULTIPLICATION AND DEATH

589
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

590
Q

FIMBRIAE

A

VIRULENCE FACTOR

ATTACHMENT TO HOST

591
Q

HOT SPOTS FOR SELECTION

A

AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRY

592
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

593
Q

CROSS RESISTANCE

A

RESISTANCE AGAINST 1 COMPOUND PROVIDES RESISTANE TO A DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR COMPOUND

594
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

595
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

596
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

597
Q

DETECTION OF A PATHOGEN

A

DIRECT STAINING AND MICROSCOPY
ISOLATION AND ID WITH CULTURING *GOLD STANDARD
DIRET DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OR METABOLITES OR TOXINS
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES- PCR

598
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

599
Q

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

A

CAN SURVIVE INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF THE HOST CELL

MYCOBACTERIUM, RHODOCOCCUS

600
Q

SUPERANTIGENS

A

EXOTOXINS THAT CAUSE DYSFUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

601
Q

LAG PHASE

A

NO DIVISION
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
ACTIVE METABOLISM

602
Q

DECLINE/DEATH PHASE

A

PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF CELLS

603
Q

GERMINATION

A

RETURN OF DORMANT CELLS TO ACTIVE GROWTH

604
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

605
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

606
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

607
Q

GENETIC TRANSFERENCE

A

CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION

608
Q

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR

A

NEEDS A HOST TO SURVIVE AND REPLICATE

CHLAMYDIA AND RICKETTSIA

609
Q

EXPONENTIAL PHASE

A

CELLS MULTIPLY AT MAXIMUM RATE

610
Q

CELL WALL

A

VIRULENCE FACTOR
PROTECTION AGAINST MECHANICAL DAMAGE AND OSMOTIC LYSIS
ENDOTOXIC EFFECTS

611
Q

CO RESISTANCE

A

COEXISTANCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS

612
Q

ENDOSPORES

A

CRYPTOBIOTIC, DORMANT STATE OF A BACTERIA
MOST DURABLE IN NATURE
FORMED INTRACELLULARLY, EXPRESSED EXTRACELLULARLY

613
Q

EXOTOXINS

A

PROTEINACEOUS TOXINS THAT ATTACK TARGET CELLS

SG 3 BACTERIOLOGY (17 decks)

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