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RESP II Exam 2 > Intro to Antibiotics II > Flashcards

Intro to Antibiotics II Flashcards

1
Q

carbapenems

A

same MOA as PCNs

resistant to hydrolysis until emergence of KPC carbepenemase

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2
Q

carbapenem coverage

A

aerobic and anaerobic, gram positive, excellent against enterobacter, pseudomonas, acinetobacter

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3
Q

stenotrophomonas maltophilia

A

resistant to carbapenams

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4
Q

carbapenems

A

ertapenem
imipenem
meropenem
ertapenem

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5
Q

lower resp tract infection tx

A

carbapenems

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6
Q

monobactam mechanism

A

same as PCNs

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7
Q

monobactam spectrum

A

gram negative

NO activity against gram positive cocci or anaerobes

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8
Q

glycopeptide mechanism

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis
-binds high afinity D-ala-Dala terminal of cell wall precursor units

-unable to penetrate outer membrane of gram negatives

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9
Q

glycopeptide coverage

A

gram positive

-staph aureus (MRSA), staph epidermidis (MRSE), streptococci, bacillus, corynbacterium, actinomyces, clostridium

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10
Q

all gram negative and mycobacterium

A

resistant to glycopeotides

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11
Q

vancomycin

A

glycopeptide

give IV**

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12
Q

MRSA tx

A

vancomycin

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13
Q

clostridium dificile tx

A

vancomycin (orally)

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14
Q

important for vancomycin

A

monitor serum drug concentrations

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15
Q

red-man syndrome

A

side effect of rapid vancomycin infusion
-flushing, tachycardia, hypotension

mast cells - histamine release

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16
Q

fluoroquinolones mechanism

A

concentration dependent killing

target bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase

DNA gyrase - introduces negative supercoils

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17
Q

fluoroquinolone spectrum

A

E. coli, salmonella, shigella, enterobacter, campylobacter, neisseria, pseudomonas, s. aureus

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18
Q

respiratory fluoroquniolones

A

levofloxacin
gatifloxacin
moxifloxacin

cover streptococcus species

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19
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

fluoroquinolone

-covers pseudomonas

20
Q

adverse with FQs

A

GI sx, CNS, rash, photosensitive, achilles rupture

21
Q

aminoglycoside mechanism

A

concentration dependent killing

bind 30S ribosome - interfere with protein synthesis

alters permeability

diffusion through outer pore proteins in gram negatives

22
Q

aminoglycoside spectrum

A

aerobic gram negatives, limited gram positive

23
Q

synergistic bactericidal activity against gram positive

A

aminoglycoside PLUS

beta-lactam or vancomycin

24
Q

gentamicin

A

aminoglycoside

active against serratia

25
Q

hospital acquired pneumonia tx

A

gentamicin

26
Q

tetracycline and glycylcyclines mechanism

A

bacteriostatic
-inhibits protein synthesis by binding 30S ribosome

prevents receptor of aminoacyl tRNA acceptor site

27
Q

spectrum for tetracyclines and glycylcyclines

A

aerobic and anaerobic gram positive and gram negative

also - rickettsia, coxiella burnetii, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydia species, legionella, burrelia burdorferi, treponema pallidum

28
Q

all strains of pseudomonas

A

resistant to tetracyclines and glycylcyclines

29
Q

community acquire pneumonia

A

doxycycline

30
Q

rock mountain spotted fever tx

A

rickettsial infection

tetracyclines and glycylcyclines

31
Q

anthrax tx

A

tetracyclines and glycylcyclines

32
Q

Q fever tx

A

tetracyclines and glycylcyclines

33
Q

macrolides mechanism

A

bacteriostatic

-reversibly binds 50S subunit

34
Q

macrolides

A

clarithromycin

azithromycin

35
Q

macrolide spectrum

A

aerobic gram positive cocci and bacilli

inactive against most gram negatives

36
Q

azithromycin tx

A

respiratory tract infetion

-coverage of strep pneumonia, h. influenza and atypicals - mycoplasma, chlamydophilia, legionella

37
Q

macrolide drug interaction

A

CYP3A4 inhibition

38
Q

lincosamide mechanism

A

bind to 50S suppress protein synthesis

39
Q

spectrum of lincosamides

A

pneumococci, s. pyogenes, viridans streptococci, MSSA, b. fragilis

40
Q

lung abscess tx

A

clindamycin

lincosamide

41
Q

clindamycin

A

lincosamide

42
Q

anaerobic lung and pleural space infetcion

A

clindamycin

43
Q

oxazolidinones mechanism

A

inhibit protein synthesis binding 50S subunit

prevent larger fmet-tRNA complex formation

44
Q

oxazolidinones specdtrum

A

gram positive staph (MSSA, MRSA, VRSA), streptococcus, enterococci, gram positive anaerobic cocci, gram positive rods

45
Q

linezolid

A

oxazolidinone

absorbed well orally

reserve for multi-drug resistant organisms**

46
Q

hospital acquired pneumonia by MSSA and MRSA

47
Q

adverse of oxazolidones

A

myelosuppression
-anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopeina

GI sx, HA, rash

RESP II Exam 2 (23 decks)

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