Intellectual development

Question 1

Define abstract logical thinking

Answer 1

the ability to solve problems using imagination without needing a concrete image, eg math’s problems

Question 2

Define object permanence, give an example

Answer 2

The idea that an object still exists even if a child cannot see it, eg, peek-a-boo

Question 3

define egocentric thinking

Answer 3

When a child can only see things from their point of view, for example, the mountain task

Question 4

Define concrete logical thinking

Answer 4

the ability to solve problems providing the individual can see or physically handle the issues involved

Question 5

What are Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development, include ages?

Answer 5

• Sensorimotor (0-2 years)
• Preoperational (2-7 years)
• Concrete operational (7-11 years)
• Formal operational (11-18 years)

Question 6

What occurs during the sensorimotor stage ?

Answer 6

Object permanence at around 8 months - this is the idea that an object still exists even though you cannot see it, for example, peek-a-boo

Question 7

What occurs during preoperational stage ?

Answer 7

• CANNOT conserve- children don’t understand that when the appearance of something changes the quantity stays the same, for example, a tall glass of water and a fat short glass of water.
• Egocentric- the child only sees things from their point of view, for example, the mountain task.
• parallel play

Question 8

What occurs during the concrete operational stage ?

Answer 8

• Children can now conserve- understand that when the appearance of something changes, the quantity stays the same
• less egocentric
• Concrete logical thinking- child can solve problems if they can see and physically handle it.

Question 9

What occurs during formal operational stage?

Answer 9

• develop abstract thinking- solve problems using imaginations without a concrete image, for example, write a story on hypothetical topic

Question 10

What are schemas?

Answer 10

A pattern of thoughts or behaviour that are organised into categories of information.

Question 11

What are Piaget’s stages of schemas?

Answer 11

• A child develops a concept ( learn something new)
• When they are shown new information they go into a state of disequilibrium
• The new information is accommodated
• the child goes back to a state of equilibrium

Question 12

Give an example of the stages of schemas

Answer 12

A child develops a schema of what a dog is and they are in a state of equilibrium. The child sees a cat and thinks its a dog because it has 4 legs and a tail. When the child finds out that it is a cat they are at a state of disequilibrium. The child accommodates the new information and now they are in a state of equilibrium.

Question 13

Give 3 strengths of piagets

Answer 13

Piagets work has influence early education - discovery play
Considers nature and nurture
piaget has stimulated lots of further research into children’s cognitive development, influenced teaching methods

Question 14

Give 2 weaknesses of piaget

Answer 14

Bruner - disagrees with piagets fixed stages and believes that with adult support, children can be helped to progress higher level thinking skills.
Piaget based his study on small number of children , so difficult to generalize to all children

Question 15

Who thinks all children are born with an LAD?

Answer 15

Chomsky

Question 16

What is a language acquisition device ?

Answer 16

it enables children to recognize and develop the languages they experience. This means that the development of language is genetically preprogrammed to develop instinctively.

Question 17

What happens if a child does not develop their language during the critical period?

Answer 17

They will never achieve a language

Question 18

2 strengths of chomsky

Answer 18

Children often say things that are ungrammatical such as ‘mama ball’ which cannot be learned from others
Children go through the same stages of language acquisition at similar times regardless of language spoken

Question 19

2 weaknesses of chomsky

Answer 19

lack of scientific evidence to support his theory
Chomsky didn’t consider children with delayed language development- learning disability- downs syndrome

Question 20

How does someone in early to middle adulthood develop intellectually. (19-65)

Answer 20

May have a job which requires them to make decisions and think through problems
They may have to manage finances if they live on their own
thinking becomes sensible and practical

Question 21

What happens to memory in later adulthood

Answer 21

Loss of memory

Question 22

How can someone in later adulthood improve their memory

Answer 22

eat healthy
no smoking
exercise the brain
learn a new language

Question 23

What activities can help children develop intellectually

Answer 23

Make believe play- develop imagination eg play house
Play with toys that change shape - conservation- eg water or sand

Question 24

What factors can influence language development

Answer 24

Genetic - LAD , not imitation
Social
Learning difficulties - delayed language development, Down’s syndrome