Intellectual development Flashcards
Define abstract logical thinking
the ability to solve problems using imagination without needing a concrete image, eg math’s problems
Define object permanence, give an example
The idea that an object still exists even if a child cannot see it, eg, peek-a-boo
define egocentric thinking
When a child can only see things from their point of view, for example, the mountain task
Define concrete logical thinking
the ability to solve problems providing the individual can see or physically handle the issues involved
What are Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development, include ages?
- Sensorimotor (0-2 years)
- Preoperational (2-7 years)
- Concrete operational (7-11 years)
- Formal operational (11-18 years)
What occurs during the sensorimotor stage ?
Object permanence at around 8 months - this is the idea that an object still exists even though you cannot see it, for example, peek-a-boo
What occurs during preoperational stage ?
- CANNOT conserve- children don’t understand that when the appearance of something changes the quantity stays the same, for example, a tall glass of water and a fat short glass of water.
- Egocentric- the child only sees things from their point of view, for example, the mountain task.
- parallel play
What occurs during the concrete operational stage ?
- Children can now conserve- understand that when the appearance of something changes, the quantity stays the same
- less egocentric
- Concrete logical thinking- child can solve problems if they can see and physically handle it.
What occurs during formal operational stage?
- develop abstract thinking- solve problems using imaginations without a concrete image, for example, write a story on hypothetical topic
What are schemas?
A pattern of thoughts or behaviour that are organised into categories of information.
What are Piaget’s stages of schemas?
- A child develops a concept ( learn something new)
- When they are shown new information they go into a state of disequilibrium
- The new information is accommodated
- the child goes back to a state of equilibrium
Give an example of the stages of schemas
A child develops a schema of what a dog is and they are in a state of equilibrium. The child sees a cat and thinks its a dog because it has 4 legs and a tail. When the child finds out that it is a cat they are at a state of disequilibrium. The child accommodates the new information and now they are in a state of equilibrium.
Give 3 strengths of piagets
Piagets work has influence early education - discovery play
Considers nature and nurture
piaget has stimulated lots of further research into children’s cognitive development, influenced teaching methods
Give 2 weaknesses of piaget
Bruner - disagrees with piagets fixed stages and believes that with adult support, children can be helped to progress higher level thinking skills.
Piaget based his study on small number of children , so difficult to generalize to all children
Who thinks all children are born with an LAD?
Chomsky
What is a language acquisition device ?
it enables children to recognize and develop the languages they experience. This means that the development of language is genetically preprogrammed to develop instinctively.
What happens if a child does not develop their language during the critical period?
They will never achieve a language
2 strengths of chomsky
Children often say things that are ungrammatical such as ‘mama ball’ which cannot be learned from others
Children go through the same stages of language acquisition at similar times regardless of language spoken
2 weaknesses of chomsky
lack of scientific evidence to support his theory
Chomsky didn’t consider children with delayed language development- learning disability- downs syndrome
How does someone in early to middle adulthood develop intellectually. (19-65)
May have a job which requires them to make decisions and think through problems
They may have to manage finances if they live on their own
thinking becomes sensible and practical
What happens to memory in later adulthood
Loss of memory
How can someone in later adulthood improve their memory
eat healthy
no smoking
exercise the brain
learn a new language
What activities can help children develop intellectually
Make believe play- develop imagination eg play house
Play with toys that change shape - conservation- eg water or sand
What factors can influence language development
Genetic - LAD , not imitation
Social
Learning difficulties - delayed language development, Down’s syndrome
