Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the parts of the integumentary system?
Hai, skin, nails
What are the three skin layers?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
How much of the body weight comes from skin?
7-8%
What can stop skin wrinkles?
Nerve damage
Where are the nerves and blood vessels?
Dermis
Is skins waterproof?
No it’s water resistant
Where is vitamin D synthsised
The epidermis
What is vitamin D used for?
Absorbing calcium and phosphorus
What is rickets?
Caused by a lack of UV and results in low vitamin D
What are epidermal dendritic cells?
They phagocytize pathogens that penetrated the epidermis
How many layers are there in the epidermis?
4 everywhere but 5 on palms soles and lips
How thick is the epidermis?
30-35 cell layers
What are the five layers of the epidermis?
Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, and Stratum Basale
What causes skins pink color?
Blood vessels in the dermis
What causes dandruff?
Yeast called pityrosporum and malassezia
What is the most common cell type in the epidermis?
Kerotinocytes
What cells resemble nerve cells?
Merkel cells
What I’d the deepest layer of the epidermis?
Stratum Basale
What does the Spinosum layer look like?
Spine like projections
What layer is the beginning of cell death?
Stratum Granulosum
Which layer is only in the lips, soles, and palms?
Stratum Lucidum
What is the purpose of the Stratum Lucidum?
Helps with friction
What is the top layer of the epidermis?
Stratum Corneum
Which layer constantly sheds?
Stratum Corneum
What is cornification?
Caused by kerarinization and hardening
What is a callus?
Result of stimulating mitotic activity of the Stratum Basale
Where must a tattoo be in order to be permanent?
Must be in the dermis
Where did Otzi have tattoos?
Over pain areas
What affects skin color?
Melanin
Where is hemoglobin?
In red blood cells
What is albinism?
Lack of melanin production
What is vitiligo?
Causes depigmentation of parts of skin
What is cynosis?
Reduces oxygenation of hemoglobin in blood vessels
What is pallor?
A deficiency of erythrocytes, a deficiency of hemoglobin or both
What causes jaundice?
Cause by the hemoglobin breakdown product bilirubin.
What is erythema?
Caused by increase blood flow in the dermis because of dilated blood vessels
Where does blood go when you die?
Pools at the lowest point in the body
What can cause a more orange skin color?
Carotene
What do you need to synthesize hemoglobin?
Iron
How do people get freckles?
Genetically inherited
What causes fingerprints?
Dermis upswelling
What is a mole (nevus)?
A normmalt harmless localized overgrowth of melanin producing cells
How many layers are in the dermis?
2 layers
What is in the dermis?
Blood vessels and nerves fibers
What are the two layers of the dermis?
Stratum Papillarosum and Stratum Reticulossum
What does the stratum Papillarosum do?
Provides nutrients for the dermis
Which dermis layer causes fingerprints?
Stratum Papillarosum
What causes stratch marks?
Damage in the stratum Reticulossum
What causes wrinkles?
Decrease of tension in the Stratum Reticulossum
What process can help maintain heat?
Vasoconstriction
What process helps maintain heat?
Vasodilation
What are decubitus ulcers?
Bed sores
What did Christopher Reeve die from?
Bed sores
What does the hypodermis consist of?
Connective tissue, blood vessels, and fat
What are nails?
Hardened stratum cordeum
What are Beau’s lines?
Indications of stress or illness in the nails
What is pili?
Hair
Where is hair produced?
Folicle in the epidermis
What is the function of the Arrector Pili?
Muscle that pulls the hair straight
What is the vomeronasal organ?
Picks up chemical signals called pheromones
What do some biologist think pheromones do in humans?
They may affect fertility and behavior
What do the Sudoriferous glands (sweat glands) do?
Temperature regulation and waste management
What are the mammory glands?
Specialized sweat glands that produce milk
Ceraminus glands do what?
Specialized sweat glands that produce ear wax
What are Sabaceous glands (oil glands)?
They make sebum to keep hair and skin supple
What causes blisters?
Damage to the dermal blood vessels
