Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is Osteology?

A

The study of bones

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2
Q

What connects the skull bones?

A

Sutural bones

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3
Q

What are sesamoid bones?

A

Extra bones that are usually near joints

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4
Q

What is the biggest sesamoid bone?

A

Patella

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5
Q

Why doesn’t mature cartillage heal?

A

It has no blood supply

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6
Q

What is the purpose of cartillage?

A

Helps support structures of the respiratory track, provides gliding surface at joints, and serves as precursor to bones in babys

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7
Q

What are the three types of cartillage?

A

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, and Elastic

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8
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

It contributes to the respiratory tract, fetal skeleton, growth plates, and joints

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9
Q

What is the purpose of Fibrocartilage?

A

Serves as pads between vertibrae

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10
Q

What is the use of Elastic cartilage?

A

Supports the ear

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11
Q

What are bones used for?

A

Used as levers and protection for organs

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12
Q

What happens to red marrow in adults?

A

It becomes yellow bone marrow

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13
Q

What makes the blood cells?

A

Red bone marrow

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14
Q

What is hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis)?

A

Process of blood cells formation

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15
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

Skull, ribs, sternum, vertibrae, upper arm, and pelvis

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16
Q

What hormone promotes the production of red blood cells?

A

Erythropoietin

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17
Q

What organ makes erythropoietin?

A

Kidneys

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18
Q

Where do most biopsies take marrow?

A

Ilium and sternum

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19
Q

What are bones known for?

A

Huge mineral deposits

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20
Q

Where is the yellow marrow found?

A

The shaft

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21
Q

Where is the red marrow found?

A

Spongy bone

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22
Q

What are long bones used for?

A

Levers

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23
Q

What are short bones used for?

A

Transfer forces

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24
Q

What are flat bones for?

A

Protection

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25
What are irregular bones?
Bones with many shapes and projections
26
What are the ends of long bones called?
Epiphysis
27
What is the diaphysis?
The shaft of long bones
28
What I'd the sheath around the bone shaft called?
Periosteum
29
What is the purpose of nutrient foramen?
Allows passage of blood vessels
30
What are epiphyseal growth plates?
Allow bones to increase lenght
31
Where human growth hormone (somatotropin) produced?
The anterior section of the pituitary
32
What are the properties of the periosteum?
Very tough and fiborous
33
Where do tendons anchor?
Periosteum
34
What is the sella turcica?
Location of the anterior pituitary
35
What are the cells of bones?
Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, Osteocytes, and Osteoprogenitor cells
36
What is the function of osteoblasts?
Lay down new bone
37
What is the purpose of Osteoclasts?
Break down bone
38
What do Osteocytes do?
Develop osteoblasts
39
What are the two types of bone?
Spongy (cancellous) or compact
40
What is the spongy bone between compact bone called?
Diploë
41
Intramembranous Ossification
Leads to the formation of the skull, cheek bone, jaw, clavical, and sesamoid
42
Endochondral Ossification
How a majority of bones are formed
43
Vitamin A
Stimulates osteoblasts
44
Vitamin C
Needed to synthesize collagen
45
Vitamin D
Helps absorb calcium and phosphorus
46
What is a fracture?
A crack in the bone
47
What is a pathologic fracture?
They occur when bone is weakened by disease
48
What is an open fracture?
Fractures that involve any break in skin
49
What is a comminuted fracture?
Bone splintering
50
What is a spiral fracture?
Fracture made by a testing motion
51
What are greenstick fractures?
Fractures that only occur in children
52
What is a depression fracture?
An indent
53
When do fracture hematomas form?
When the blood vessels in the bone are torn
54
What is a Fibrocartilage callus?
Forms a bridge gap between injured bones
55
Condyle
Large smooth rounded articulating structure
56
Facet
Small, flat, shallow articulating structure
57
Head
Prominent rounded epiphysis
58
Alveolus
Deep pit or socket in the jaw where teeth are located
59
Fossa
Flattened or shallow depression
60
Crest
Narrow prominent ridge like projection
61
Epicondyle
Projection adjacent to a condyle
62
Process
Any marked bony prominence
63
Spine
Pointed slender process
64
Trochanter
Massive rough projection found only on the thigh bone
65
Tubercle
Small round projection
66
Tuberosity
Large rough projection
67
Fissure
Narrow slitlike opening through a bone
68
Foramen
Rounded passageway through a bone
69
Meatus
Passageway through a bone
70
Sinus
Cavity or hollow space in a bone