Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue Flashcards
What is Osteology?
The study of bones
What connects the skull bones?
Sutural bones
What are sesamoid bones?
Extra bones that are usually near joints
What is the biggest sesamoid bone?
Patella
Why doesn’t mature cartillage heal?
It has no blood supply
What is the purpose of cartillage?
Helps support structures of the respiratory track, provides gliding surface at joints, and serves as precursor to bones in babys
What are the three types of cartillage?
Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, and Elastic
What is hyaline cartilage?
It contributes to the respiratory tract, fetal skeleton, growth plates, and joints
What is the purpose of Fibrocartilage?
Serves as pads between vertibrae
What is the use of Elastic cartilage?
Supports the ear
What are bones used for?
Used as levers and protection for organs
What happens to red marrow in adults?
It becomes yellow bone marrow
What makes the blood cells?
Red bone marrow
What is hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis)?
Process of blood cells formation
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
Skull, ribs, sternum, vertibrae, upper arm, and pelvis
What hormone promotes the production of red blood cells?
Erythropoietin
What organ makes erythropoietin?
Kidneys
Where do most biopsies take marrow?
Ilium and sternum
What are bones known for?
Huge mineral deposits
Where is the yellow marrow found?
The shaft
Where is the red marrow found?
Spongy bone
What are long bones used for?
Levers
What are short bones used for?
Transfer forces
What are flat bones for?
Protection
What are irregular bones?
Bones with many shapes and projections
What are the ends of long bones called?
Epiphysis
What is the diaphysis?
The shaft of long bones
What I’d the sheath around the bone shaft called?
Periosteum
What is the purpose of nutrient foramen?
Allows passage of blood vessels
What are epiphyseal growth plates?
Allow bones to increase lenght
Where human growth hormone (somatotropin) produced?
The anterior section of the pituitary
What are the properties of the periosteum?
Very tough and fiborous
Where do tendons anchor?
Periosteum
What is the sella turcica?
Location of the anterior pituitary
What are the cells of bones?
Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, Osteocytes, and Osteoprogenitor cells
What is the function of osteoblasts?
Lay down new bone
What is the purpose of Osteoclasts?
Break down bone
What do Osteocytes do?
Develop osteoblasts
What are the two types of bone?
Spongy (cancellous) or compact
What is the spongy bone between compact bone called?
Diploë
Intramembranous Ossification
Leads to the formation of the skull, cheek bone, jaw, clavical, and sesamoid
Endochondral Ossification
How a majority of bones are formed
Vitamin A
Stimulates osteoblasts
Vitamin C
Needed to synthesize collagen
Vitamin D
Helps absorb calcium and phosphorus
What is a fracture?
A crack in the bone
What is a pathologic fracture?
They occur when bone is weakened by disease
What is an open fracture?
Fractures that involve any break in skin
What is a comminuted fracture?
Bone splintering
What is a spiral fracture?
Fracture made by a testing motion
What are greenstick fractures?
Fractures that only occur in children
What is a depression fracture?
An indent
When do fracture hematomas form?
When the blood vessels in the bone are torn
What is a Fibrocartilage callus?
Forms a bridge gap between injured bones
Condyle
Large smooth rounded articulating structure
Facet
Small, flat, shallow articulating structure
Head
Prominent rounded epiphysis
Alveolus
Deep pit or socket in the jaw where teeth are located
Fossa
Flattened or shallow depression
Crest
Narrow prominent ridge like projection
Epicondyle
Projection adjacent to a condyle
Process
Any marked bony prominence
Spine
Pointed slender process
Trochanter
Massive rough projection found only on the thigh bone
Tubercle
Small round projection
Tuberosity
Large rough projection
Fissure
Narrow slitlike opening through a bone
Foramen
Rounded passageway through a bone
Meatus
Passageway through a bone
Sinus
Cavity or hollow space in a bone
