Axial Skeleton: Skull Flashcards
What is the axial skeleton?
Head spind and ribs
How many cranial bones?
8
How many facial bones?
14
What is th name for the dome of the skull?
Calvaria
What composes the nasal septum?
Bone and cartilage
What are the four paranasal sinuses?
Sphenoidal, maxillary, frontal, and ethmoidal
What is the supraorbital margin?
The bone that is underneath the eyebrow
What is the supraorbital foramen?
Place in supraorbital margin that allows the passage of vessels and a nerve
Where is the frontal crest?
Interior anterior surface of the front bone
What is the falx cerebri?
Sickle shaped sheet of connective tissue that primarily partitions the largest part of the brain into left and right
Where are the temporal bones?
They form the lower sides and floor of the cranium
What is in the petrous region?
The internal auditory canal and the carotid canal
Where is the petrous region?
In the temporal bones
What is the purpose of the carotid canal?
Alow passage of internal carotid artery
Which foramen is closed off?
Foramen lacerum
What foramen is between the temporal and occipital bones?
Jugular foramen
What is the mastoid region?
Are right behind the earlobe
What is a prolonged middle ear infection?
Ottis media
What can ottis media also cause?
Mastoiditis
What is a sqaumous region?
The lateral flat surface of the temporal bone
What is the temporomandibular joint?
Articulation of the jaw to the squamous region
What is in the tympatic region?
External acoustic meatus and syloid process
What is the styloid process?
Where the tongue connects
Where is the occipital bone?
The back of the skull
What are the occipital condyles purpose?
Rock back and forth on the first vertebrae to create the yes motion
What connects to the internal occipital crest?
Fawx cerebri
What ridges are on the posterior of the occipital bone?
Superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line
What bone resembles a bat?
Spenoid
What is another name of the sphenoid bone?
Bridging bone
Does the sphenoid have any sinuses?
Yes the sphenoidal sinuses
Where is the sella turcica?
The sphenoid bone
What is housed in the sella turcica?
The pituitary gland
What can happen to the pituitary gland if there is sudden tramatic shifting?
It can sever the pituitary stalk
What are the foramen in the sphenoid?
Optic, rotundum, ovale, Spinosum, superior orbital fissure, and the lacerum
What is in the optic foramen?
Optic nerve
What goes through the foramen rotundum?
Cranial nerve 5
Maxillary nerve
Where do dentists normally inject anesthetic for the maxillae?
Just below the foramen rotundum
Where do dentists inject anesthetic for the manible?
The foramen ovale
What goes through the foramen ovale?
Cranial nerve 5
What is special about the foramen lacerum?
It’s completely closed off in a living person
What bone is between the orbits and contributes to the roof of the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid bone
Where do the ethmoid sinuses drain?
Nasal cavity
What is the most superior portion of the ethmoid?
The Crista galli (cocks comb)
What is most inferior portion of the ethmoid?
The perpendicular plate
What is the anterior attachment site of the falx cerebri?
Crista galli
What is immediately lateral to the Crista galli?
The cribriform plate
What is another name of the olfactory nerve?
Cranial nerve 1
What is the weak bone in the ethmoid?
The cribriform plate
What passes through the cribriform plate?
Cranial nerve 1
What can a broken cribriform plate lead too?
Deadly meningitis
What forms the bony prominence of the cheeks?
The zygomatic bones
What drains just inferior to the inferior nasal conchae?
Tear ducts
What forms part of the medial wall of each orbit?
Lacrimal bones
What allows passage to the tear ducts?
Lacrimal groove
What bone contributes to the roof of the nasal cavity?
Nasal bones
What is a common facial injury?
Fracture of nasal bones and damage to the cartilage
What facial bones are not paired?
Vomer and mandible
What forms the posterior inferior portion of the nasal septum?
Vomer
What projects into the nasal cavity just below the superior and middle nasal conchae?
Inferior nasal conchae
What covers the inferior nasal conchae?
Highly vascular moist mucus membranes
What L shaped bone contributes to the posterior walls and floor of the nasal cavity and a small contribution to the floor of the orbits?
Palantine bones
What bone unites at the midline to form the upper jaw?
Maxillae
What contains the teeth in the maxillae?
Alveoli
What forms the anterior portion of the hard plate?
Palatine bones
What can cause a problem with nursing?
Cleft palate
What is the name of the condition when the maxillae don’t form correctly?
Cleft palate
What is crepitus?
Cracking sound caused by gas or broken bone under the skin
What is a blowout fracture?
Fracture in the floor of orbits that causes muscles to drop into the maxillary sinus
What bone forms the lower jaw?
Mandible
What are the largest sinuses in the head?
Maxillary sinuses
Which sinus have very poor drainage?
Maxillary sinuses
What is the most commonly infected sinus?
Maxillary
What is inferior to the squamous portion of the temporal bone?
Mandibular condyle
What is the name for the articulation of the mandibular condyle and the mandibular fossa?
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
Where do the mucles that help open and close the mouth connect?
Coronoid process
What is in the mandibular foramen?
Cranial nerve 5
What part of the nasal complex is made of nasal bones, cribriform plate, frontal and sphenoid bones?
Roof
What part of the nasal complex is made of the palatine process and horizontal plates of palatine bones?
Floor
What part of the nasal complex is made of ehtmoid bone, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae, palatine bones, and lacrimal bones?
Walls
What part of the nasal complex is made of septal nasal cartilage, ethmoid, and vomer?
Septum
What are the three auditory ossicles?
Malleus (hammer), Incus (Anvil), and the Stapes (stirrup)
What bone is between the mandible and larynx?
Hynoid
What bone doesn’t directly articulate with any other bone?
Hynoid
What are the soft parts of the skull?
Fontanels
What is an indication of dehydration in babies skulls?
Sunken fontanels
What can bulging fontanels indicate?
Meningitis and infection
What skull structure fuses first?
Coronal suture
What part of the skull might never fuse?
Squamosal suture
