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VT Anatomy and Physiology > Integument and related structures > Flashcards

Integument and related structures Flashcards

1
Q

Define Integument in animals

A

The skin and related structures

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2
Q

What are the functions of the skin

A

-To cover and protect underlying structures
-To assist in the maintenance of normal body temperature
-To excrete water & salt
- As a sensory organ
- To synthesize of vitamin D and store nutrients

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3
Q

Can the epidermis be described as static or dynamic?

A

Dynamic or constantly changing

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4
Q

What is the main job of the dermis?

A

To provide structural strength to the skin?

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5
Q

What are the functions of the hypodermis or subcutaneous tissues?

A

To provide flexibility of the skin over underlying structures, insulation and sensation of pressure.

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6
Q

What might veterinary staff use the hypodermis of an animal for?

A

As a site for injection of medications, fluids, microchips and vaccinations.

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7
Q

What are the main functions of the haircoat?

A

Temperature control, camouflage and sensation.

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8
Q

What are the special features of the paw pads?

A

They are the toughest and thickest part of the epidermis.

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9
Q

What is the planum nasale?

A

The end of the nose.

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10
Q

What is the hair shaft?

A

The part of the hair that is visible above skin

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11
Q

What is the hair root?

A

The part of the hair buried within the skin

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12
Q

What is the hair follicle?

A

The part of the hair that anchors it to the skin

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the arrector pili muscle

A

To change the angle of the hairs in response to cold or fear

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14
Q

List the stages of the hair cycle

A

Anagen, Catagen and Telogen

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15
Q

What is the scientific term for when a breeding female dog “blows her coat”?

A

Telogen effluvium

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16
Q

What substance gives pet hair colour?

A

Melanin

17
Q

What kind of surgery is declawing of cats?

A

Amputation

18
Q

What is the quick in the claw of a veterinary patient?

A

It is the nerve and blood supply located inside the nail.

19
Q

Which digit is the dewclaw in dogs and cats?

A

Digit 1

20
Q

What are anal glands?

A

Scent glands located on either side and below the anus that secrete into the anus.

21
Q

What is the cell that is responsible for pigmentation of the skin?

A

Melanocyte

22
Q

What communication system in the body controls pigmentation in the skin?

A

The hormonal or endocrine system

23
Q

List the 4 glands located in the skin and briefly describe their purposes

A

Sebaceous glands - conditioning skin and coat, sweat glands - cooling, tail glands - identification, anal glands - scent marking

24
Q

What is the name of the biggest paw pad on the front foot of a cat?

A

The metacarpal pad

25
Q

What type of tissue provides insulation in the food pads

A

Fat

26
Q

What is the official term for the tip of the nose of a dog or cat?

A

Planum nasale

27
Q

What is the official term for the tip of the nose of a horse or a cow?

A

Planum nasolabile

28
Q

Where are chestnuts and ergots located on horse legs?

A

Chestnuts - on the medial aspect of the fore and hind legs at the level of the carpus and tarsus.
Ergots - Amidst the caudal hairs of the fetlocks

29
Q

Where are the cutaneous pouches located on a sheep?

A

Below the eye, between the hooves and in the groin.

30
Q

What are the functions of claws in dogs and cats?

A

Traction, defense & hunting

31
Q

Which digits are the dewclaws in cats, dogs and ruminants

A

Digit 1 in cats and dogs. Digits 2 & 5 in ruminants

32
Q

Which digits make up the hooves in ruminants?

A

Digits 3 & 4.

33
Q

What are the names of the 3 areas of the epidermal (outer) layer of the equine hoof?

A

The wall, the sole and the frog.

34
Q

What is the purpose of the corium in the horse’s hoof?

A

It attaches the outer (epidermal) layer of the hoof to the bones within the hoof. It provides, nourishment and sensation to the outer layer of the hoof.

35
Q

What are the names of the structures that attach the laminar corium to the hoof wall?

A

The laminae

36
Q

What bones make up the skeleton of the equine hoof?

A

The second phalanx, the 3rd phalanx (coffin bone) and the distal sesamoid or navicular bone.

37
Q

What are horns made up of?

A

Keratin

VT Anatomy and Physiology (20 decks)

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