Acids Bases and Building Blocks

Question 1

What are the 3 types of reactions that occur in the body?

Answer 1

Synthesis reactions, degradation reactions and exchange reactions.

Question 2

What is an example of a degradation reaction?

Answer 2

Digestion of food.

Question 3

What is the defining feature of an organic molecule?

Answer 3

It contains a carbon atom.

Question 4

What are the 4 types of organic molecules in the body?

Answer 4

Lipids​, proteins​, carbohydrates​ & nucleic acids.

Question 5

What aspect of homeostasis do acids and bases affect?

Answer 5

The pH of the body.

Question 6

When an acid is added to water what ion is released?

Answer 6

A hydrogen ion (H+).

Question 7

When a base (alkali) is added to water what ion is released?

Answer 7

A hydroxide ion (OH-).

Question 8

Is a solution with a pH of 3 acidic or basic?

Answer 8

Acidic.

Question 9

What part of the body can safely contain a strong acid?

Answer 9

The stomach contains acid with a pH of 1.5.

Question 10

What is produced chemically when an acid and a base are mixed?

Answer 10

A salt and water and heat are produced.

Question 11

What is a buffer solution?

Answer 11

It is a solution that can neutralize small amounts of strong acids or bases safely.

Question 12

What are the uses of carbohydrates in the body?

Answer 12

Energy storage and energy and as part of cellular structures.

Question 13

What are the two types of proteins in the body?

Answer 13

Functional and structural.

Question 14

What is the main quality of functional proteins in the body?

Answer 14

They are chemically active.

Question 15

What is the main quality of structural proteins in the body?

Answer 15

They are long stranded and rigid.

Question 16

What are the building blocks of protein?

Answer 16

Amino acids.

Question 17

How many structural levels does a protein have?

Answer 17

Four.

Question 18

What is the name of substances in the body that act to speed up chemical reactions?

Answer 18

Enzymes

Question 19

True or false. Enzymes are general purpose, with one enzyme catalyzing multiple different reactions.

Answer 19

False. Enzymes are specific to the reaction that they catalyze just as a key is specific to a lock.

Question 20

What is the name of the molecule that is used to supply power at the cellular level?

Answer 20

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 21

What factors in the body could cause protein denaturation?

Answer 21

Extreme heat, acidosis and alkalosis.

Question 22

What are the 3 functions of lipids in the body?

Answer 22

Energy storage, as chemical messengers and structural in the form of the phospholipid bilayer in cell membrane.

Question 23

What are the names of the two types of chemical messengers that are made up of lipids?

Answer 23

Steroid hormones

Question 24

Describe the structure of cell membranes.

Answer 24

It is a lipid bilayer with the hydrophilic polar region on the outside of the membrane and the hydrophobic non polar region on the inside.

Question 25

What are the two types of nucleic acids in the body?

Answer 25

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 26

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 26

It contains all the instructions needed by the cell to build proteins which in turn determine the shape and function of every tissue in the body and therefore the shape and function of the living organism

Question 27

What are the functions of RNA?

Answer 27

It is the template that is used within ribosomes to create proteins. This is called coding RNA. Many structures in the cell are made up of RNA. This is called non-coding RNA.