Integument

Question 1

What germ layer does epidermis come from?

Answer 1

Ectoderm

Question 2

What germ layer does dermis come from?

Answer 2

mesoderm

Question 3

irregular projections at epidermal-dermal junction

Answer 3

dermal papillae

Question 4

What does the epidermis have that strengthens its adhesion to the dermis?

Answer 4

epidermal ridges

Question 5

What does thick skin have that thin skin does not have?

Answer 5

a fifth layer- stratum lucidum

Question 6

What are the 4 layers of epidermis in thin skin?

Answer 6

Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 7

What is the predominant cell type of the epidermis?

Answer 7

Keratinocyte

Question 8

How is the stratum basale bound apically?

Answer 8

by desmosomes

Question 9

How is the stratum basale bound basally?

Answer 9

Hemidesmosomes

Question 10

What is typically the thickest layer in epidermis?

Answer 10

Stratum spinosum

Question 11

What type of cells are in the stratum spinosum?

Answer 11

polyhedral cells with central nuclei and spiny processes

Question 12

Where do keratin filaments assemble into microscopically visible bundles called tonofibrils?

Answer 12

stratum spinosum

Question 13

What are granules made up of?

Answer 13

tonofibrils and filaggrin

Question 14

What are fully keratinized cornified cells called?

Answer 14

squames

Question 15

What are melanocytes derived from?

Answer 15

Neural crest cells

Question 16

Where are melanocytes found?

Answer 16

Scattered along the stratum basale

Question 17

What are antigen presenting cells that provide defense against pathogens that are found in the epidermis?

Answer 17

Langerhans cells

Question 18

What do langerhans cells develop from?

Answer 18

monocyte precursor

Question 19

Where are langerhans cells identifiable?

Answer 19

Stratum spinosum

Question 20

Epidermal cell replacement is initiated by what?

Answer 20

the division of stem cells in the stratum basale

Question 21

What are the layers of the dermis?

Answer 21

papillary layer and reticular layer

Question 22

What type of connective tissue makes up the papillary layer?

Answer 22

loose connective tissue

Question 23

What type of connective tissue makes up the reticular layer?

Answer 23

dense irregular connective tissue with coarse elastic fibers

Question 24

Where are langer’s lines formed?

Answer 24

reticular layer of the dermis

Question 25

What is the subpapillary plexus?

Answer 25

a rich, nutritive capillary network located between papillary and reticular layers

Question 26

What type of connective tissue makes up the hypodermis?

Answer 26

loose connective tissue

Question 27

What does the extensive vasculature in the hypodermis promote?

Answer 27

rapid uptake of insulin or drugs injected into the tissue

Question 28

Epithelial tactile cells that function as low-threshold mechanoreceptors which are essential for sensing gentle touch

Answer 28

merkel cells

Question 29

Where are merkel cells abundant?

Answer 29

in highly sensitive skin such as the finger tips and hair follicles

Question 30

What do merkel cells lack that keratinocytes have?

Answer 30

melanosomes

Question 31

Where are free nerve endings located?

Answer 31

in the papillary dermis and they extend into the lower epidermal layers

Question 32

What is the function of free nerve endings?

Answer 32

respond primarily to high and low temperatures, pain, and itching. May also function as tactile receptors

Question 33

What are encapsulated receptors that are responsive to light touch or low frequency stimuli?

Answer 33

Meissner's corpuscle

Question 34

Where are lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles found?

Answer 34

deep in the reticular dermis and hypodermis; also found in CT of visceral organs, wall of the rectum, and urinary bladder

Question 35

What are lamellated corpuscles specialized for?

Answer 35

sensing coarse touch, pressure (sustained touch) and vibration

Question 36

How is sebum secreted?

Answer 36

holocrine secretion

Question 37

simple, coiled glands found extensively throughout skin

Answer 37

eccrine sweat glands

Question 38

What cells facilitate expulsion of secretion of eccrine seat glands?

Answer 38

myoepithelial cells

Question 39

large-lumen, tubular glands

Answer 39

apocrine sweat glands

Question 40

how do apocrine sweat glands secret sweat?

Answer 40

merocrine secretion