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Vertebrate Morphology > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the integument

A
  1. Protection
  2. Communication
  3. Gas exchange
  4. Sensory reception
  5. Thermoregulation
  6. Others
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2
Q

A stratified epithelium active in cell division that produces keratin

A

Epidermis

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3
Q

Epidermal layer unique to tetrapods

A

Stratum corneum

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4
Q

A fibrous c.t. below the epidermis

A

Dermis

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5
Q

Ectodermal derivatives that form from epidermal epithelia.

A

Integumentary glands

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6
Q

Glands that produce mucus

A

Mucous glands

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7
Q

A gland that is unicellular in fishes

A

Mucous gland

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8
Q

A gland that is multicellular in amphibians

A

Mucous glands

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9
Q

Glands that are lost in amniotes

A

Mucous glands, poison glands

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10
Q

Produces thick, oily secretions

A

Oil glands

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11
Q

Produces Sebum

A

Sebaceous gland (mammals only)

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12
Q

Produces wax-like substance

A

Urpygial gland (birds only)

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13
Q

Produces watery secretions

A

Eccrine sweat gland (mammals only) ; merocrine secretion

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14
Q

Produces thick, scented secretions

A

Apocrine sweat glands (mammals only)

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15
Q

The covering of an organism

A

The integument

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16
Q

Tetrapod synapomorphy, a layer of dead cells packed with keratin

A

Stratum corneum

17
Q

Layer of cells that replace those at the free surface

A

Stratum germinativum

18
Q

Process by which surface cells are created

A

Cells flatten, keratin accumulated and released via exocytosis to create layers of dead cells in keratin matrix.

19
Q

Occur only in amniotes, keratinized epidermal structure

A

Epidermal scales

20
Q

Unique to mammals, an ingrowth of epidermis into dermis

A

Hair

21
Q

Hair is homologous to

A

Hinge region of scales

22
Q

Layers of dermal armor

A

Enamel, denticulate layer, dentine, bone

23
Q

Derived from dermal armor, synapomorphy of Gnathostomata

A

Denticulate scales

24
Q

Soft derivative of dermal armor

A

Dermis

25
Q

Hard derivatives of dermal armor

A

Placoid scales (Chondrichthyes), teeth (Gnathostomata)

26
Q

Dermal armor derivatives from the non-denticulate layer

A

Osteoderms (Testudines), gastralia (various amniotes)

27
Q

Reduction of non-denticulate layer occurs in

A

Pulmovertebrata

Vertebrate Morphology (26 decks)

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