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Vertebrate Morphology > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Female gamete

A

Ovum

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2
Q

Ovum plus accessory elements

A

Egg

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3
Q

Little yolk, evenly distributed

A

Microlecithal (Therian synapomorphy)

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4
Q

Moderate amount of yolk, unevenly distributed

A

Mesolecithal

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5
Q

Much yolk, cytoplasm limited to germinal disk

A

Macrolecithal

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6
Q

Entire zygote divides; yolk intracellular; occurs in micro- and meso- ova

A

Holoblastic cleavage; occurs in blastula stage

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7
Q

Only blastodisc divides; yolk extracellular; occurs only in macro- ova

A

Meroblastic cleavage; occurs in blastula stage

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8
Q

Space inside blastula, obliterated during involution

A

Blastocoel; occurs in Craniate blastulae

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9
Q

Cells of the early embryo, including blastula

A

Blastomeres; occurs in Craniate blastulae

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10
Q

Cytoplasmic region of the macrolecithal egg

A

Blastodisc

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11
Q

Establishing the three primary germ layers, establishes the blastopore, primitive gut, three axis of embryo

A

Gastrulation; occurs in gastrula stage

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12
Q

180 degrees away from where sperm enters ova; area of pigment

A

Gray crescent

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13
Q

Gray crescent invaginates and involutes to become this

A

Blastopore; occurs in gastrula stage

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14
Q

Cells move and roll over the lip of a structure, then move forward under its surface

A

Involution

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15
Q

Endodermal cells protrude into blastopore, forming this

A

Yolk plug; occurs in gastrula phase

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16
Q

Prospective ectodermal cells clothe embryo, overrun vegetal pole; yolk plug remains ectoderm-free

A

Epiboly

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17
Q

Surface layer of blastodisc

A

Epiblast

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18
Q

Deep layer of blastodisc

A

Hypoblast

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19
Q

A depression in the center of the epiblast

A

Primitive streak

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20
Q

Growth doesn’t begin until this stage

A

Neurula stage

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21
Q

Induces neural plate formation

A

Chordomesoderm; occurs in neurula stage

22
Q

A process by which one embryonic tissue causes an adjacent tissue to differentiate

23
Q

Tissues which induction usually occurs between

A

Epithelium and mesenchyme

24
Q

Where the neural crest forms

A

Lateral folds; occurs in neurula stage

25
Mesoderm splits to form coelem
Enterocoely; deuterostome synapomorphy; occurs in neurula stage
26
Mesoderm during the neurula stage
Ventral expansion, closure of endodermal tube, differentiation of coelem
27
Dorsal segmented mesoderm, each segment being a somite
Epimere/paraxial
28
Gives rise to kidneys and gonads
Mesomere/intermediate
29
Lateral plate mesoderm
Hypomere
30
Forms dermis
Dermatome, part of the epimeric region of mesoderm
31
Forms vertebral column+ parts of skull
Sclerotome, part of epimeric region of mesoderm
32
Forms somatic musculature of body wall and appendages
Myotome, part of epimeric region of mesoderm
33
Forms connective tissue, visceral muscles, mesenteries, visceral peritoneum
Splanchnic layer; part of lateral-plate mesoderm
34
Forms parietal peritoneum and body wall musculature
Somatic layer; part of lateral-plate mesoderm
35
Stage where the pharyngeal region differentiates
Pharyngula stage
36
Forms by evagination of mid-ventral floor of pharynx, produces thyroxin
Thyroid
37
Produces hormones that control calcium and phosphate metabolism aka bone development
Parathyroid; pharyngeal pouch derivative
38
Forms from pharyngeal pouch lining aka endoderm
Pharyngeal pouch derivatives
39
Responsible for lymphocyte production
Thymus; pharyngeal pouch derivative
40
Produces calcitonin in fishes
Ultimobranchial bodies; pharyngeal pouch derivative
41
Extra-embryonic membrane for storage and absorption of yolk
Yolk sac; macrolecithal eggs
42
Invest the yolk sac
Vitelline blood vessels
43
Outer, protective membrane and respiratory structure
Chorion
44
Containing amniotic fluid
Amnion
45
Acts as a storage area for uric acid and as a respiratory organ
Allantois
46
female lays egg outside of body, develops outside of body
Oviparity
47
Egg develops and hatches inside body
Ovoviviparity
48
True live birth
Viviparity, Therians only
49
Outer layer of cells that doesn't develop in Therian embryos
Trophoblast
50
Name of trophoblast and inner cell mass
Blastocyst
51
Barrier between mother and embryo
Placenta
52
Name stages of prenatal growth
1. Egg 2. Blastula 3. Gastrula 4. Neurula 5. Pharyngula

Vertebrate Morphology (26 decks)

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