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Vertebrate Morphology > Head Skeleton > Flashcards

Head Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Collagenous fibers in a gelatinous material

A

Chondrin

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2
Q

Clear cartilage found in joints

A

Hyaline

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3
Q

Found in ears, nose, capable of bending

A

Elastic cartilage

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4
Q

Cartilage with thick fibrous layer that resists stress

A

Fibrocartilage

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5
Q

Cartilage embedded with minerals

A

Calcified cartilage

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6
Q

Highly vascular tissue composed of mineralized matrix of collagenous fibers and hydroxyapatite

A

Bone

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7
Q

Connective tissue covering of bone

A

Periosteum

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8
Q

Inner layer of bone

A

Osteogenic layer

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9
Q

Connective layer of bone

A

Endosteum

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10
Q

Contain osteocytes in lacunae

A

Canaliculi

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11
Q

Matured osteoblast

A

Osteocyte

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12
Q

Small cavity containing an osteocyte

A

Lacunae

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13
Q

Traberculae surrounded by layers of bone

A

Dermal bone

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14
Q

Dermal bone homologous to

A

Non-denticulate layer

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15
Q

Force pulling apart

A

Tension

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16
Q

Force pushing in

A

Compression

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17
Q

Force that pushes in opposite directions at different points

A

Shear force

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18
Q

Force that twists ends of object in opposite directions

A

Torsion

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19
Q

An irregularly shaped connective tissue that produces the extra-cellular matrix

A

Fibroblast

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20
Q

An early embryonic cell that produces cartilage

A

Chondroblast

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21
Q

A mature cartilage cell

A

Chondrocyte

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22
Q

Cartilage growth within the existing matrix

A

Interstitial

23
Q

Growth at the margins of the existing matrix

A

Appositional growth

24
Q

Cartilage replacement model of bone growth

A

Mesenchyme-fibroblasts-cartilage-bone

25
Destroys chondrin
Chondroclasts
26
Lays down bone matrix in canal
Osteoblasts
27
Destroys parts of old Haversian system
Osteoclasts
28
Bone without cartilage precursor
Intramembranous bone
29
Small, rod-like skeletal structures
Traberculae
30
Region where bone starts to form
Diaphysis
31
Model ends of bone
Epiphyses
32
A joint with fibrous or cartilaginous material; limited movement
Synarthroses
33
Joints capable of extensive movement
Diarthroses/synovial joints
34
Consists of braincase and sense capsules
Chondrocranium
35
Pair of cartilages on posterior Chondrocranium floor
Parachordals
36
Pair of cartilages on anterior Chondrocranium floor
Trabeculae
37
Unpaired cartilage at very back of Chondrocranium
Occipital arch
38
Paired, rostrum-most sense capsule of Chondrocranium
Nasal
39
Middle, paired sense capsule
Orbital
40
Caudal-most paired sense capsule
Otic
41
Component of skull derived from dermis
Dermatocranium
42
Part of skull that contains skeletal elements of the pharyngeal arches
Splanchnocranium
43
Derivative of mandibular arch
Primary jaws (Gnathostomata)
44
Derivative of hyoid arch
Jaw supports
45
Composed of chondrin
Cartilage
46
Ancestrally in Craniata, Epibranchial cartilage evolved into
Palatoquadrate
47
Ancestrally in Craniata, Ceratobranchial became
Meckel's Cartilage
48
Epihyal modified into
Hyomandibula (Chondrichthyes and Pulmovertebrata)
49
Modification of the palatoquadrate in derived states
Reduced except for the posterior quadrate, maxilla and premaxilla added
50
Medial auditory ossicle in mammals
Stapes
51
The eardrum
Tympanic membrane
52
Spiracular gill cleft becomes this in Tetrapoda
Middle ear cavity and Eustachian tube
53
Tube that extends between middle ear and pharynx and equalizes air pressure
Eustachian tube
54
Eustachian tube homologous to this in fishes
Spiracle

Vertebrate Morphology (26 decks)

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