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Vertebrate Morphology > Head Skeleton > Flashcards

Head Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Collagenous fibers in a gelatinous material

A

Chondrin

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2
Q

Clear cartilage found in joints

A

Hyaline

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3
Q

Found in ears, nose, capable of bending

A

Elastic cartilage

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4
Q

Cartilage with thick fibrous layer that resists stress

A

Fibrocartilage

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5
Q

Cartilage embedded with minerals

A

Calcified cartilage

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6
Q

Highly vascular tissue composed of mineralized matrix of collagenous fibers and hydroxyapatite

A

Bone

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7
Q

Connective tissue covering of bone

A

Periosteum

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8
Q

Inner layer of bone

A

Osteogenic layer

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9
Q

Connective layer of bone

A

Endosteum

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10
Q

Contain osteocytes in lacunae

A

Canaliculi

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11
Q

Matured osteoblast

A

Osteocyte

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12
Q

Small cavity containing an osteocyte

A

Lacunae

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13
Q

Traberculae surrounded by layers of bone

A

Dermal bone

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14
Q

Dermal bone homologous to

A

Non-denticulate layer

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15
Q

Force pulling apart

A

Tension

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16
Q

Force pushing in

A

Compression

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17
Q

Force that pushes in opposite directions at different points

A

Shear force

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18
Q

Force that twists ends of object in opposite directions

A

Torsion

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19
Q

An irregularly shaped connective tissue that produces the extra-cellular matrix

A

Fibroblast

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20
Q

An early embryonic cell that produces cartilage

A

Chondroblast

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21
Q

A mature cartilage cell

A

Chondrocyte

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22
Q

Cartilage growth within the existing matrix

A

Interstitial

23
Q

Growth at the margins of the existing matrix

A

Appositional growth

24
Q

Cartilage replacement model of bone growth

A

Mesenchyme-fibroblasts-cartilage-bone

25
Q

Destroys chondrin

A

Chondroclasts

26
Q

Lays down bone matrix in canal

A

Osteoblasts

27
Q

Destroys parts of old Haversian system

A

Osteoclasts

28
Q

Bone without cartilage precursor

A

Intramembranous bone

29
Q

Small, rod-like skeletal structures

A

Traberculae

30
Q

Region where bone starts to form

A

Diaphysis

31
Q

Model ends of bone

A

Epiphyses

32
Q

A joint with fibrous or cartilaginous material; limited movement

A

Synarthroses

33
Q

Joints capable of extensive movement

A

Diarthroses/synovial joints

34
Q

Consists of braincase and sense capsules

A

Chondrocranium

35
Q

Pair of cartilages on posterior Chondrocranium floor

A

Parachordals

36
Q

Pair of cartilages on anterior Chondrocranium floor

A

Trabeculae

37
Q

Unpaired cartilage at very back of Chondrocranium

A

Occipital arch

38
Q

Paired, rostrum-most sense capsule of Chondrocranium

A

Nasal

39
Q

Middle, paired sense capsule

A

Orbital

40
Q

Caudal-most paired sense capsule

A

Otic

41
Q

Component of skull derived from dermis

A

Dermatocranium

42
Q

Part of skull that contains skeletal elements of the pharyngeal arches

A

Splanchnocranium

43
Q

Derivative of mandibular arch

A

Primary jaws (Gnathostomata)

44
Q

Derivative of hyoid arch

A

Jaw supports

45
Q

Composed of chondrin

A

Cartilage

46
Q

Ancestrally in Craniata, Epibranchial cartilage evolved into

A

Palatoquadrate

47
Q

Ancestrally in Craniata, Ceratobranchial became

A

Meckel’s Cartilage

48
Q

Epihyal modified into

A

Hyomandibula (Chondrichthyes and Pulmovertebrata)

49
Q

Modification of the palatoquadrate in derived states

A

Reduced except for the posterior quadrate, maxilla and premaxilla added

50
Q

Medial auditory ossicle in mammals

A

Stapes

51
Q

The eardrum

A

Tympanic membrane

52
Q

Spiracular gill cleft becomes this in Tetrapoda

A

Middle ear cavity and Eustachian tube

53
Q

Tube that extends between middle ear and pharynx and equalizes air pressure

A

Eustachian tube

54
Q

Eustachian tube homologous to this in fishes

A

Spiracle

Vertebrate Morphology (26 decks)

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