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NS374—Pathophysiology > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

lesions that develop as direct result of disease process

A

primary

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2
Q

lesions that evolve from primary lesions or develop as a consequence

A

secondary

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3
Q

flat, distinct, discolored area <10mm; no change in thickness/texture of skin

A

macule

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4
Q

larger macule

A

patch

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5
Q

elevated macule; <10mm; can be palpated

A

papule

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6
Q

firm papule extending into dermis or SQ

A

nodule

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7
Q

clear fluid filled blister; <10mm

A

vesicle

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8
Q

clear fluid filled blister; >10mm

A

bullae

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9
Q

vesicle containing pus

A

pustule

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10
Q

lesion - elevated; caused by localized edema; pruritic; red

A

wheal/hive

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11
Q

area of fibrosis replacing normal skin after injury

A

scar

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12
Q

heaped up accumulation of horny epithelium

A

scale

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13
Q

dried serum, blood, pus

A

crust/scab

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14
Q

open areas of skin resulting from loss of part/all of epidermis

A

erosion

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15
Q

loss of epidermis & at least part of dermis

A

ulcer

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16
Q

thinning of skin; dry and wrinkled like tissue paper

A

atrophy

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17
Q

foci of small, permanently dilated vessels; sun damage areas

A

telangiectase

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18
Q

palpable; >10mm; elevated or depressed; flat topped or rounded

A

plaque

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19
Q

nonblanchable punctate foci of hemorrhage; <3mm

A

petechiae

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20
Q

3-10mm petechiae; may be palpable

A

purpura

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21
Q

>10mm area of hemorrhage; may be palpable

A

ecchymosis/bruise

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22
Q

straight lesion

A

linear

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23
Q

ring like lesions with central clearing

A

annular

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24
Q

circular/coin shaped lesions

A

nummular

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25
Q

bullseye lesion

A

target

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26
Q

linear, branched and curving aspects of a lesion

A

serpiginous

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27
Q

lacy/networked lesion

A

reticulated

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28
Q

grouped papules/vesicles

A

herpetiform lesions

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29
Q

clustered in dermatomal distribution - one side of body

A

zosteriform lesions

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30
Q

irregular, pebbly, rough surfaced lesions

A

verrucuous

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31
Q

thickening of skin c accentuation of normal skin markings

A

lichenification

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32
Q

lichenification secondary to…

A

itching - eczema, psoriasis

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33
Q

deep thickening of skin

A

induration

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34
Q

induration is a red flag for…

A

cancer

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35
Q

lesion with central indentation

A

umbilicated

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36
Q

yellowish, waxy lesions

A

xanthomas

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37
Q

primary intention healing

A

minimal tissue loss - approximation of skin, healing after suturing

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38
Q

secondary intention healing

A

need more tissue replacement - open wounds, ulcers

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39
Q

4 stages of wound healing

A

homeostasis

inflammation/regeneration

proliferative/resolution

remodeling/repair

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40
Q

problems associated with scar formation

A

loss of function

contractures & obstructions

hypertrophic scar tissue (keloids)

ulceration

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41
Q

dysfunctional collagen synthesis

A

keloid scars

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42
Q

wound disruption - it pops out of the stitches (ew)

A

dehisence

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43
Q

skin contracts, limiting ROM

A

contracture

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44
Q

6 causes of burns

A

thermal

chemical/caustic

radiation

electrical

light

friction

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45
Q

_____ pts at risk for radiation burns

A

cancer

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46
Q

what to look for with electrical wounds

A

entrance & exit wounds

cardiac issues

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47
Q
  • Epidermis burned
  • Erythema; painful; dry; no blisters
  • Ex sunburn
A

superficial partial thickness (1st degree)

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48
Q
  • Epidermis & part of dermis burned
  • Inflammation; edema; erythema; blisters; white or splotchy skin; pain; scarring
A

deep partial thickness (2nd degree)

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49
Q
  • Burn to all skin layers and often underlying tissue
  • Painless (burned through all nerves); skin appears white, black, brown, charred, leathery
  • Presence of eschar
A

full thickness (3rd degree)

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50
Q

use _______ to estimate % of body burned

A

rule of 9s

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51
Q

burn to ___% or more of body considered severe

A

20%

52
Q

burns with highest risk of infection

A

deep partial thickness/2nd degree

53
Q

goal of severe burn healing

A

wound debridement & closure in a manner that promotes survival

54
Q

most common inflammatory disease of skin

A

eczema

55
Q

eczema is a Type __ hypersensitivity and Ig_ mediated

A

1

E

56
Q

tx eczema

A

avoid triggers

keep skin moisturized

57
Q

most noxious sx of eczema

A

severe pruritus

58
Q

contact dermatitis is a type ___ hypersensitivity and ____ mediated

A

4

T cell

59
Q

examples of contact dermatitis

A

poison ivy

nickel allergy

60
Q

dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to urine & feces

A

diaper dermatitis

61
Q

diaper dermatitis may secondarily cause a ____ infection

A

candida

62
Q

tx diaper dermatitis

A
  • Frequent diaper changes
  • Regular exposure of skin to air
  • Superabsorbant diapers
  • Petroleum or zinc oxide
  • Antifungal meds if C. albicans present
63
Q

Chronic, relapsing & remitting, proliferataive inflammatory disorder of skin

A

psoriasis

64
Q

epidermal turnover rises from 14-20 days to 3-4 days

A

psoriasis

65
Q

silvery plaque formation sx of…

A

psoriasis

66
Q

tx psoriasis

A

antirheumatic meds

ointments

67
Q

lupus is a type ___ hypersensitivity

A

3

68
Q
  • Photosensitivity
  • Butterfly rash over nose and cheeks
A

systemic lupus erythmatosus

69
Q

local or systemic sclerosis of skin

A

scleroderma

70
Q

localized type of scleroderma lacks…

A

sclerodactyly, Raynaud’s phenomenon, abnormalities of nail bed capillaries, internal organ involvement

71
Q

Skin is hard, hypopigmented, taut, shiny, tightly connected to underlying tissue

A

scleroderma

72
Q

impetigo contagiosum caused by…

A

staph aureus

73
Q

staph exfoliatin toxin causes…

A

disruption of desmosomal adhesion molecules

74
Q
  • Honey-colored crusty lesions on face, around nose and mouth
  • High incidence in hot, humid climates
  • Highly contagious
A

impetigo contagiosum

75
Q

tx impetigo

A

topical mupirocin or fusidic acid

76
Q

causes of acne vulgaris

A

excessive sebum

  • Staphylococcus aureus*
  • Propionibacterium acnes*
77
Q

blackheads (open) and whiteheads (closed)

A

noninflammatory acne

78
Q

follicular wall rupture in closed comedones - cystic nodules

A

inflammatory acne

79
Q

“inverse acne”

A

hidradenitis supperative

80
Q
  • Armpits, groin - sweat gland locations
  • Hyperkeratosis & occlusion of pilosebacious follicular ducts
A

hidradenitis supperativa

81
Q
  • Virus induces epidermal cell proliferation
  • Slightly umbilicated, dome-shaped papules - face, trunk, extremities
  • Autoinoculation
A

molluscum contagiosum

82
Q

tx molluscum contagiosum

A

immunomodulatory & antiviral therapy

destructive procedures

83
Q

Rash or clusters of inflamed, painful vesicles

A

herpes simplex

84
Q

most common locations of HSV1 and 2

A

HSV 1 - oral

HSV 2 - genital

BUT they can each be found in both places

85
Q

varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes…

A

shingles

chickenpox

86
Q

______ is dermatomal (on one side of body only)

A

VZV

87
Q

ringworm

A

tinea corporis

88
Q

scalp ringworm

A

tinea capitis

89
Q

Candida infection typically in mouth

A

thrush

90
Q

scabies caused by mite…

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

91
Q

most scabies problems are caused by…

A

feces of the mites underneath skin

92
Q

Rash on trunk, extremities - often not on head - papules, vesicles - burrow lines with severe itching

A

scabies

93
Q

tx scabies

A

scabicide cream

linen cleaning

Ivermectin if severe

94
Q

intrinsic pressure ulcer r/f

A

immobility; sensory loss; age; disease; malnutrition; incontinence

95
Q

extrinsic pressure ulcer r/f

A

pressure; friction/shear; heat; moisture; posture

96
Q

pressure ulcer prevention strategies

A

Frequent skin assessment; repositioning; pressure reduction, removal, redistribution; elimination of moisture; moisture barrier

97
Q

Malfunctioning venous valves - pressure on veins

erythema; pruritus; scaling; petechiae; hyperpigmentation; ulcerations

A

venous stasis ulcer

98
Q
A

vesicle

99
Q
A

scale

100
Q
A

nodule

101
Q
A

bulla

102
Q

urticaria

A

hives - Type 1 hypersensitivity to allergens

103
Q

inflammation of skin vessels

A

cutaneous vasculitis

104
Q

2 types of cutaneous hemangioma

A
  • Superficial - “strawberry” - raised vascular lesions - emerge 3-5 weeks after birth - bright red, small capillary projections
  • Cavernous - present at birth - spongy purple mass of tissue - larger & more mature vessels
105
Q

common benign vascular tumor of childhood

A

cutaneous hemangioma

106
Q

tx cutaneous hemangioma

A

beta blockers

107
Q

benign, rough, scaly benign growth

A

actinic keratosis

108
Q
A

actinic keratosis

109
Q

common, noncancerous, benign proliferation of cutaneous basal cells

A

seborrheic keratosis

110
Q
A

seborrheic keratosis

111
Q

most common cancer

grows slowly

firm to touch

metastasis rare

A

basal cell carcinoma

112
Q
A

basal cell carcinoma

113
Q

second most common skin cancer

fairly slow growing

A

squamous cell carcinoma

114
Q
A

squamous cell carcinoma

115
Q

Vascular malignancy associated c immunodeficiency

associated c HIV

pruritic, painful, purple brown lesions

A

Kaposi sarcoma

116
Q
A

Kaposi sarcoma

117
Q
A

melanoma

118
Q

r/f for skin cancer

A
  • Fair skin, red hair, light eyes, freckles
  • Hx of sunburns - especially blistering sunburns in childhood
  • Excessive sun exposure
  • Sunny or high-altitude climates
  • Moles
  • Precancerous skin lesions
  • Family hx
  • Personal hx
  • Weakened immune system
  • Exposure to radiation
  • Exposure to certain substances (arsenic)
119
Q

characteristics of an irregular mole

A
  • A - asymmetry
  • B - irregular border
  • C - change in color
  • D - diameter > pencil eraser
  • E - evolving
120
Q

loss of hair

A

alopecia

121
Q

female pattern alopecia

A

Androgen-sensitive & androgenic insensitive

122
Q

abnormal growth & distribution of hair in a male pattern occurring in women

A

hirsutism

123
Q

fungal infection of nail

A

onychomycosis

124
Q

infection of nail cuticle

A

paronychia

125
Q
A

hidradenitis supperativa

NS374—Pathophysiology (18 decks)

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