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NS374—Pathophysiology > Cellular Biology > Flashcards

Cellular Biology Flashcards

1
Q

detoxify cell

A

peroxisomes/lysosomes

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2
Q

maintain cell structure & contain centriole

A

centrosome

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3
Q

allow cellular movement

A

cilia

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4
Q

contains DNA

A

nucleolus

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5
Q

originates from nuclear envelope - contains ribosomes

A

rough ER

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6
Q

produces lipids & other things

A

smooth ER

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7
Q

packages proteins

A

golgi apparatus

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8
Q

2 types of cellular injury

A

sublethal - reversible

lethal - death

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9
Q

how homeostasis happens

A

cellular adaption

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10
Q

reversible structural or functional response both to physiologic (normal) conditions OR to pathologic (adverse) conditions

A

cellular adaptation

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11
Q

purpose of cellular adaptation

A

protect themselves and escape injury

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12
Q

changes r/t cellular adaptation can be _______ or ______

A

physiologic or pathologic

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13
Q

6 forms of cellular adaptation

A 
atrophy
hypertrophy
hyperplasia
dysplasia
metaplasia
neoplasia
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14
Q

atrophy ex. phys vs patho

A

thymus atrophies during childhood

disuse atrophy

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15
Q

hypertrophy ex. phys vs patho

A

muscle building

left ventricular hypertrophy

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16
Q

hyperplasia ex. phys vs patho

A

liver regeneration if part is lost

endometrial hyperplasia

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17
Q

dysplasia ex. phys vs patho

A

no adaptive example

cervical/respiratory tract dysplasia

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18
Q

metaplasia ex. phys vs patho

A

finding a cell better suited to adverse environment

replacement of normal lining of bronchi in smokers with another kind of epithelium

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19
Q

atrophy

A

size decrease

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20
Q

hypertrophy

A

size increase

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21
Q

hyperplasia

A

number increase

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22
Q

dysplasia

A

deranged cell growth - reversible

23
Q

metaplasia

A

replacement of one kind of cell with another

24
Q

neoplasia

A

malignancy - irreversible

25
Q

10 forms of cellular damage

A 
apoptosis
ischemia
hypoxia
pyroptosis
physical damage
mechanical damage
chemical toxins
microbes
abnormal metabolites
fluid/electrolyte imbalance
26
Q

______ is absent in cancer

A

apoptosis

27
Q

ischemia

A

deficit of O2 in cells

28
Q

ischemia can cause _______

A

infarction - cell death

29
Q

hypoxia

A

deficit of O2 in tissues

30
Q

hypoxia O2 levels

A

<90

31
Q

_____ patients chronically hypoxic

A

COPD

32
Q

pyroptosis

A

lysis causing nearby inflammation

33
Q

physical damage

A

heat, cold, radiation

34
Q

mechanical damage

A

pressure, tearing

35
Q

chemical toxins - 2 kinds

A

endogenous

exogenous

36
Q

classifications of cellular injury

A 
hypoxic
free radical
chemical
intentional
unintentional
infection
immunologic/inflammatory
37
Q

most common cellular injury

A

hypoxia

38
Q

what does hypoxia lead to?

A 
respiration stops at glycolysis
not enough ATP
Na/K pumps fail
Na floods cell
fluid enters cell
ribosomes pop off RER
decreased protein production
cell dies
39
Q

anoxia

A

total lack of O2

40
Q

free radical

A

uncharged atoms/molecules

41
Q

most common free radical

A

oxygen

42
Q

asphyxia

A

suffocation - strangulation, choking, drowning

43
Q

systematic manifestations of cellular injury (6)

A 
fever
increased HR
increased WBCs
pain
cellular enzymes
liver enzymes
44
Q

necrosis

A

sum of cellular changes after local cell death & the process of cellular autodigestion

45
Q

5 types of necrosis

A 
liquefaction
coagulative
fat
caseous
gangrene
46
Q

necrosis in NS

A

liquefaction

47
Q

most common necrosis

A

coagulative

48
Q

fat necrosis common in…

A

breasts, pancreas, abdominal organs

49
Q

combination of liquefaction & coagulative necrosis

A

caseous

50
Q

what does caseous necrosis form?

A

thick yellow cheesy substance

51
Q

TB causes ______ necrosis

A

caseous

52
Q

necrotic tissue invaded by bacteria

A

gangrene

53
Q

gangrene often related to…

A

strangulation - no O2

NS374—Pathophysiology (18 decks)

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