General Patho Flashcards
pathophysiology
study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells, bodily fluids
homeostasis
maintenance of relatively stable internal environment, regardless of external changes
disease
deviation from normal, healthy state of homeostasis
health indicators
“normal” values that occur within a range of values
7 steps to health
- Don’t smoke & avoid secondhand smoke
- 5-10 servings of vegetables & fruit per day
- Regular physical activity
- Sun protection
- Cancer screenings
- Doctor/dentist visit if any change in health
- Follow health & safety guidelines
3 types of disease prevention
primary
secondary
tertiary
primary prevention
before evidence of disease/injury - intended to reduce/eliminate risk factors
immunizations, condoms, social campaigns, clean water are _______ prevention
primary
secondary prevention
after disease has begun, but before symptoms - intended to diagnose early through screening
pap test, colonoscopy are _______ prevention
secondary
tertiary prevention
after disease/injury is established - intended to prevent sequelae of disease - all care given after diagnosis
gross level
organ/organ system
microscopic level
cells
biopsy
excision of small amounts of living tissue
diagnosis
ID of a basic disease by a provider
difference between s/s
signs: objective, observed
symptoms: subjective, described by pt
idiopathic
cause of disease is unknown
iatrogenic
medical error/treatment/procedure causes disease
predisposing factors
increase risk - age, sex, genetics, environment
prophylaxis
preserve health; prevent disease spread
pathogenesis
development of disease
sudden onset vs insidious
sudden: acute
insidious: vague, gradual, mild
acute
short term, quick development - high fever, severe symptoms
chronic
insidious, gradual development - milder symptoms, intermittent acute severe symptoms
subclinical state
patient has disease with no obvious clinical manifestations
latent state
no s/s
latent called ________ in infectious disease
incubation
prodromal period
early development - signs nonspecific or absent
ex. prodromal period
Herpes pts
lesions
specific local change in tissue
syndrome
collection of s/s - No single test says you definitely have a disease - Diagnosed based on clinical manifestation
diagnostic tests
used to diagnose a disease - screening tools, lab tests, radiological tests
remissions vs exacerbations
manifestations subside
severity worsens
precipitating factor
condition that triggers acute episode
complications
new, secondary or additional problems
therapy
measures to promote recovery
sequelae
potential unwanted outcomes
Convalescence & rehabilitation
period of recovery
morbidity
disease rates within a group
mortality
relative number of deaths resulting from disease
epidemiology
tracking of pattern/occurence of disease - WHO and CDC
incidence
number of new cases within a population within a given time
prevalence
number of new, old, or current cases within a population and within a given time
epidemic
high number of cases of an infectious disease in a population
pandemic
high number of cases in various areas across globe
reportable/notifiable diseases
must be reported by provider to authorities - intended to prevent further spread
