innate immunity Flashcards
generalized chemicals that identify some pathogens
PAMPS
look for chemical patterns; non self and self cells have unique chem. patterns
PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) or TLRs
cells which communicate across the body that draw other white cells in and activate
cytokine messengers
lymphocytes in contact with antigen presenting cells communicate by
contact dependent signaling
a type of nonspecific immunity; identify self vs. non self
innate
immediate immune response by inflammation, phagocytosis and antigen presenting cells (first on site)
innate: non specific immunity
specific immunity
adaptive
identification of an antigen and memory of the pathogen; have to be exposed to an antigen (acquired)
adaptive: specific immunity
production of antibodies that is apart of acquired immunity
antibody mediated immunity
white cell acting directly that is apart of acquired immunity
cell mediated immunity
the generalized response; recognizes only as non-self; which means there is no production of _____
antibody
4 types of external defenses barriers
skin, mucous membranes, resp. escalator, secretions
white cells squeeze through clefts of epithelium of blood vessels to tissues
diapedesis or extravasation
_____ chemically attracts phagocytes to site of infection
chemotaxis
PRR and PAMPS are _____ internal response
recognition
antibodies or complement proteins that tag encapsulated bacteria for phagocytosis
opsonins
once a phagocyte has engulfed a pathogen it has a _____ break down the pathogen; what is this complex
lysosome; phagolysosome
unique to macrophages and presents antigens
MHC-II
specialized in defense against viral infection
NK cells
NK cells identify virally infected cells that lack ______ receptors
MHC-I
all cells have MHC-I receptors except
red blood cells
if a virus pulls in MHC-I receptors as an attack the NK cells see this and attack cell with
perforin
the NK cells and interferons kill or just stop viruses
stop viral spread
produced by virally infected cells; bind to neighboring cells
interferon
interferons; IFN-alpha and IFN-beta do what
inhibit viral infection
interferons; IFN-gamma do what
activate macrophages and immune response
protein response: complement has two pathways
alternative and classical
the classical pathway protein response complement uses
adaptive immune system
activated macrophages secrete _____
cytokines
acute phase proteins are activated when?
immediately after invasion
_____ promoting phagocytosis are acute phase proteins
opsonins
___ _____ proteins bind to dead or dying cells and some bacteria; acute phase proteins
c-reactive
what do c reactive proteins do after binding dead or dying cells
activates complement cascade; screen for inflammation
chronic inflammatory diseases promote continued release of ___ ______
c reactive
cytokine production: intercellular gaps and dilate blood vessels
histamine
cytokine production: anticoagulant
heparine
cytokine production: facilitates diapedesis
interleukin-1
cytokine production: stimulate pain receptors
prostaglandins, bradykinins
cytokine production: opsonins, chemotaxins, nonspecific complement cascade
complement proteins
