Ch. 1

Question 1

dynamic steady state; no net movement, but disequilibrium

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

equal balance, with no net movement

Answer 2

equilibrium

Question 3

which of the fluids would you find between your muscle cells

cytosol
interstitial fluid
plasma
intracellular fluid

Answer 3

interstitial fluid

Question 4

____ is restricted to blood vessels

Answer 4

plasma

Question 5

____ are used to regulate variables of homeostasis

Answer 5

reflexes

Question 6

a ____ is detected and a message gets sent to an integrating center (controller) which then activates the ___ ___ (effector) and a response happens

Answer 6

stimulus; target cell

Question 7

response from stimulus within the cell or tissue

Answer 7

local control (paracrine and autocrine)

Question 8

para means

Answer 8

around

Question 9

paracrine is a chemical a cell releases which acts on the cells where?

Answer 9

around it

Question 10

cells at a distant site control homeostatic response

Answer 10

reflex control

Question 11

turn variable on then off to maintain homeostasis: what feedback?

Answer 11

negative

Question 12

on then reinforce stimulus to completion; away from stabilization: what feedback?

Answer 12

positive (ex: childbirth, axon potentials)

Question 13

actions due to anticipation of change of the regulated variable

Answer 13

feedforward control (ex. salivation)

Question 14

short term variation with long term stability

Answer 14

dynamic steady state

Question 15

predictable, fluctuate with some environmental variable

Answer 15

biorhythms

Question 16

adjust setpoints based upon environmental conditions

Answer 16

acclimization

Question 17

which components of a reflex recieves information regarding a variable and sends out information directing a response

Answer 17

integrating center or controller

Question 18

ph is a measure of acidity and alkalinity

Answer 18

true

Question 19

which of the biomolecules is commonly reffered to as a sugar

Answer 19

carbohydrates

Question 20

4 characteristics of life

Answer 20

obtain energy, change, survive, and respond

Question 21

means little organ, has cell wall and own specific function withtin cell

Answer 21

organelles

Question 22

double membrane, contains genetic material

Answer 22

DNA

Question 23

organs have ____ units within them that do the work

Answer 23

functional

Question 24

every cell in the body has to be capable of basic life functions which are

Answer 24

metabolism and replication

Question 25

maintanance of _____ fluid is important with keeping a stable internal environemnt

Answer 25

extracellular

Question 26

approach to physiology

why something happens?

Answer 26

teleologic approach

Question 27

approach to physiology

how something occurs

Answer 27

mechanistic approach

Question 28

three pathways for communication in physio

Answer 28

genetic: DNA & RNA, chemical and electrical signals

Question 29

intracellular is ____ the cell (60%)

Answer 29

inside

Question 30

what two fluids are apart of the extracellular fluid environment

Answer 30

plasma and interstitial

Question 31

plasma is 20% of extracellular fluid and is located where

Answer 31

within blood stream

Question 32

exchange between intra and extra cellular exhange happens by

Answer 32

capillary filtration

Question 33

plasma exerts force on walls of capillaries which is ____ pressure

Answer 33

hydrostatic

Question 34

the interstitial fluid also pushed on capillaries from the outside this pressure is called

Answer 34

hydrostatic

Question 35

plasma has a significant amount of ____ compared to interstitial

Answer 35

proteins

Question 36

law of mass balance

Answer 36

what goes into the body = what goes out of the body

Question 37

positive balance of law of mass means

Answer 37

you are taking in more than you are getting rid of (this does not mean excess)

Question 38

water follows ___

Answer 38

sodium