Ch. 1 Flashcards
dynamic steady state; no net movement, but disequilibrium
homeostasis
equal balance, with no net movement
equilibrium
which of the fluids would you find between your muscle cells
cytosol
interstitial fluid
plasma
intracellular fluid
interstitial fluid
____ is restricted to blood vessels
plasma
____ are used to regulate variables of homeostasis
reflexes
a ____ is detected and a message gets sent to an integrating center (controller) which then activates the ___ ___ (effector) and a response happens
stimulus; target cell
response from stimulus within the cell or tissue
local control (paracrine and autocrine)
para means
around
paracrine is a chemical a cell releases which acts on the cells where?
around it
cells at a distant site control homeostatic response
reflex control
turn variable on then off to maintain homeostasis: what feedback?
negative
on then reinforce stimulus to completion; away from stabilization: what feedback?
positive (ex: childbirth, axon potentials)
actions due to anticipation of change of the regulated variable
feedforward control (ex. salivation)
short term variation with long term stability
dynamic steady state
predictable, fluctuate with some environmental variable
biorhythms
adjust setpoints based upon environmental conditions
acclimization
which components of a reflex recieves information regarding a variable and sends out information directing a response
integrating center or controller
ph is a measure of acidity and alkalinity
true
which of the biomolecules is commonly reffered to as a sugar
carbohydrates
4 characteristics of life
obtain energy, change, survive, and respond
means little organ, has cell wall and own specific function withtin cell
organelles
double membrane, contains genetic material
DNA
organs have ____ units within them that do the work
functional
every cell in the body has to be capable of basic life functions which are
metabolism and replication
maintanance of _____ fluid is important with keeping a stable internal environemnt
extracellular
approach to physiology
why something happens?
teleologic approach
approach to physiology
how something occurs
mechanistic approach
three pathways for communication in physio
genetic: DNA & RNA, chemical and electrical signals
intracellular is ____ the cell (60%)
inside
what two fluids are apart of the extracellular fluid environment
plasma and interstitial
plasma is 20% of extracellular fluid and is located where
within blood stream
exchange between intra and extra cellular exhange happens by
capillary filtration
plasma exerts force on walls of capillaries which is ____ pressure
hydrostatic
the interstitial fluid also pushed on capillaries from the outside this pressure is called
hydrostatic
plasma has a significant amount of ____ compared to interstitial
proteins
law of mass balance
what goes into the body = what goes out of the body
positive balance of law of mass means
you are taking in more than you are getting rid of (this does not mean excess)
water follows ___
sodium
