autonomic and somatic nervous system Flashcards
the most basic function of the somatic nervous system is
excitation and contraction of skeletal muscle
what are the proprioceptors which aid in somatic reflexes
golgi tendon organs and stretch receptors
where the lower motor neuron meets a skeletal muscle there is
a neuromuscular junction
for the first synapse out of the CNS the NT will always be ____
ACH
what structures are controlled by sympathetic only
adipose, adrenal glands, kidneys, liver, sweat glands
which of these is not a homeostatic control centers
a. hypothalamus
b. medulla and pons
c. limbic and cerebral cortex
d. thalamus
d. thalamus
what is the general efferent pathway for automatic NS
preganglionic —> autonomic ganglion –> postganglionic –> target
the autonomic ganglion can have ____ (it is important for it to reach many target cells)
divergence
what is true of the parasympathetic system
a. short preganglionic fibers
b. the vagus nerve controls most of the pathway
c. it is known as the thorocolumbar division
d. all of the above
b
the pre-post synaptic neurotransmitter for parasympathetic is
nicotinic Ach (ionotropic)
the neuroeffector junction neurotransmitter for parasympathetic is
muscarinic Ach (metabotropic)
what is not true regarding the sympathetic pathway
a. short preganglionic fibers go to sympathetic chain ganglia
b. The pre-post synapse uses muscarinic Ach
c. at the neuroeffector junction uses NE and E based on alpha or beta receptors present
d. The neuroeffector junction uses muscarinic Ach with sweat glands
b
the sympathetic system has two pathways the second one originates from ___ ___; this pathway releases
adrenal medulla; neurohormones
the adrenal medulla has ____ ____ postganglion
chromaffin cells
the simplified pathway of sympathetic adrenal medulla
one neuron –> chromaffin –> neurohormones
NE is typically released as
NT
what is true of alpha receptors
a. respond strongly to NE
b. alpha 1 receptor deals with smooth muscle contraction
c. alpha 2 receptor deals with insulin and glucagon release
d. all of the above
d
the beta 1 receptor has which of the following qualities
a. responds more to NE released as an NT
b. responds more to E as a neurohormone
c. equal response to NE and E
d. increases heart rate and contractility
c and d
stronger response to E is characteristic of what beta receptor
Beta 2
beta 2 works on what parts of the body and why does E released as a neurohormone work more efficiently
blood vessels and bronchi; having the neurohormone already in the bloodstream allows for it to effect all blood vessels as it is already there instead of innervating each individual part with an NT
B3 is a receptor for adipose tissue; is NE or E more efficient
NE ; because adipose has no blood supply and innervated by sympathetic system
which of these is not true of varicosities
a. can be multiple along length of axon
b. NT can be produced in axon varicosities
c. the actions of a varicosity cannot be modulated
d. no specific area for receptors or post synaptic density
c
what is the basic sequence at a synapse for a varicosity (presynaptic cell)
- AP down axon
- voltage gated Ca channels
- NT exocytosis
the receptors innervated by a varicosity are located where
along length of target cell
